SA Upper Airway Obstruction

Question 1

UROS

• what
• clinical signs (6)
• why are the presented now? (2)
• Presentation (3)
• Treatment (1)

Answer 1

• Upper respiratory obstructive syndrome
• noisy respiration (snorting, snuffing, snoring), gagging and coughing, respiratory distress, collapse, death
• sudden presentation (can no longer be compensated/overload): exogenous overload: heat/humidity/exercise, endogenous overload: fever/respiratory infection/LRT or CV disease/neuromuscular disease
• presentation: hypoxic, acidotic, cardiac problems
• Tx: first surgery of the day : need lots of monitoring after,

Question 2

Stenotic Nares

• types
• treatment

Answer 2

• L or comma shaped

- Tx: resect alar fold (remove pyramidal shape of tissue and suture flap together)

Question 3

Soft Palate

• problem
• Tx

Answer 3

-pharynx and larynx often shortened in brachycephalics
causes soft palate to extend beyond epiglottis
-Tx: resection of soft palate at caudal pole of tonsils and suture

Question 4

Everted Laryngeal Saccules

• problem
• treatment
• treatment problem

Answer 4

• everted avascular globules narrows lumen size
• Tx: resect and suture (no ET tube: must be done extubated
• laryngotomy: split thyroid cartridges for access into lumen to cut out

Question 5

Dorsal displacement of glosso-epiglottic mucosa

• problem
• Tx

Answer 5

• fold of tissue appears which is able to sit on top of the epiglottis when tugged, when you should be only able to JUST grab it
• Tx: resection but NOT epiglottis

Question 6

Laryngeal collapse

• problem
• Tx

Answer 6

• arytenoid (cuneiform and corniculate tubercles) collapse,; obstructing the lumen
• Tx: treat other components of UROS: resection can lead to webbing which is no better than before

Question 7

Tracheal hypoplasia

• problem
• predisposition

Answer 7

• trachea becomes no wider than proximal 3rd rib

- english bull dog

Question 8

Tracheal collapse

• problem
• CS (2)
• Dx (3)
• Tx (1)

Answer 8

• hyaline cartilage that develops the trachea fails to adequately mineralise
• CS: honking (pig grunt), ecercise intollerance
• born with liklihood of getting it, older dogs
• Dx: endoscopy/fluroscopy/radiography: narrowing of thoracic inlet
• Tx: conservative: weightloss/bronchodilators/CV support/no smoking

Question 9

Laryngeal Neoplasia

Answer 9

uncomon

malignant

Question 10

Polyps

• types (3)
• problem
• DDX (3)
• Tx

Answer 10

• tonsillar, nasopharyngeal or laryngeal
• can plug airway when breathing
• DDX: pharyngeal sialocoeles. tonsillar carcinoma, soft palate tumours
• Tx: removal

Question 11

Laryngeal Paralysis

• predisposistion
• clinical signs (5)

Answer 11

• medium sized, old dogs (labs!)

- CS: inspiritory stridor, loss of bark, collapse when excited, coexisting pneumonia/megaoesophagous