Canine Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Parvovirus

• stability
• transmission
• incubation
• growth (4)
• viaremia

Answer 1

-very stable in environment
-formite transmission
-4-7 days infection -> first signs
-only grows in dividing cells
-propagates in:
intestinal epithelium –> haemorrhagic gastritis
lymphoid tissue –> immunosuppression (lymphopenia)
myocardium –> heart failure
- by the time the virus shows clinical signs, the virus is in decline and the damage is done

Question 2

Parvovirus

• enteritis (6)
• treatment (6)
• diagnosis (4)
• Vaccination (2)

Answer 2

-haemorrhagic!
depression & lethargy –> vomiting–> diarrhoea –> dehydration –> death
-isolate, nursing, IVFT, ABs (erythromycin), antemetics, interferons if early intervention
- no history of vaccination, haemagglutination (serology), ELISA/SNAP, PCR
-live vaccine, older inactivated if pregnant

Question 3

Adenovirus

• types
• ICH: clinical signs (4)
• diagnosis (4)
• Treatment (4)
• PM changes (3)
• Vaccination

Answer 3

• CAV-1 :sever systemic disease (ICH)/respiratory or CAV-2: respiratory disease
• pyrexia, jaundice, vasculitis (haemorrhagic effusions, ascites, DIC, neurological signs), blue eye (deposition of immune complex in cornea –> corneal oedema)
• biochem (increase in ALKP, ALT, GGT and bile salts), leukopenia, WBCT (blood clotting), serology
• isolate, IVFT, ABs, nursing
• liver changes, interstitial nephritis, DIC
• attenuated CAV-2 (cross protection)

Question 4

Leptospirosis

• About (2)
• Source
• Incterhaemorrhagiae (4)
• Canicola (2)
• Diagnosis (2)
• Treatment (4)
• Vaccination

Answer 4

• zoonotic, leptospira interrogans
• stagnant water, cow serovar (history of being on farm)
• pyrexia, leukocytosis, jaundice, vasculitis
• pyrexia, renal failure (creatinine, urea, phosphate, pottassium)
• Dark field microscopy, paired serology (4 weeks apart)
• IVFT, careful urine disposal, ABs (penicillin), nursing
• inactivated vaccine –> short lived immunity

Question 5

Causes of KC

Answer 5

• CAV-1
• CAV-2
• Parainfluenza virus
• bordetella bronchoseptica

Question 6

Parainfluenza virus (3)

Answer 6

• paramyxovirus
• most common cause of KC
• mild cough (1-3 weeks)

Question 7

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Answer 7

• gram negative coccobacillus
• most sever form of KC: lasts weeks-months
• live avirulent, intranasal vaccine

Question 8

Distemper

• transmission
• replication (2)
• signs
• neurological disease (4)
• hallmarks of distemper (4)
• diagnosis (4)

Answer 8

• Dog to dog: oronasal transmission
• primary replication in macrophages and lymphoid cells, secondary replication in epithelial and neuronal tissue
• immunosuppression –> GI –> respiratory –> neurological
• central vestibular disease, cerebellar disease, seizures, myoclonus
• seen a ghost, hard-cracked pads, enamel hypoplasia in young pups, rhinitis
• conjunctival smears and LN aspirates show inclusion bodies in lymphocytes, serology, CSF

Question 9

Borreliosis

• spp
• transmission
• disease
• clinical signs (4)

Answer 9

• borrelia spp
• transmitted by ticks (Ixodes)
• cause of lyme disease 2-6 months after exposure
• CS: fever, shifting lameness, general malaise (anorexia, depression, mild weight loss), renal failure