ECG & arrhythmias Flashcards
What does a large R wave represent?
hypertrophic LV
What does a deep S wave represent?
hypertrophic RV
What is a sloping T wave associated with?
Enlarged LV
What types or bradycardia are there?
- sinus arrest (cease of contraction)
- sick sinus syndrome (marked period of sinus arrest followed/preceded by a period of tachycardia)
- sinus bradycardia (slow HR)
- atrial standstill (no P wave ± slow rate)
- Primary AV block (lengthening of PQ interval)
- Secondary AV block (extra P waves)
- Tertiary AV block (where P waves and QRS occur completely separately)
Causes of sinus arrest
Drugs:
- sedative
- B blockers
- Ca channel blockers
- digoxin
Disease:
- high vagal tone
- atrial disease
- hypothyroidism
Metabolic:
-hypothermia
Causes of sick sinus syndrome
hereditory: WHWT, snouzer
idiopathic
Causes of sinus bradycardia
Drugs:
- sedative
- B blockers
- Ca channel blockers
- digoxin
Disease:
- increased ICP
- hypothyroidism
- dysautonomia
Metabolic:
- hypothyroid
- hypokalaemia
Causes of atrial stand stil
Persistent:
- idiopathic (artrail cardiomyopathy)
- muscular dystrophy
temporary:
-hyperkalaemia
Causes of primary AV block
Drugs:
- sedatives
- anti-tachycardic drugs
Disease:
- high vagal tone
- fibrosis of AV node
metabolic:
-hyperkalaemia
Causes of tertiary AV block
- AV node fibrosis
- AV node infilitration
- lyme disease
Tachyarrhythmias
- sinus tachycardia
- superventricular premature beat
- superventricular tachycardia (runs of ectopic beats)
- atrial fibrillation
- ventricular premature contractions (VPC)
- ventricular tachycardia
Causes of sinus tachycardia
Can be normal
Drugs:
-anti-bradycardic dugs
Disease:
- anaemia
- pain
- shock
- dehydration
- septicaemia
- decreased CO
- hyperthyroidism
Causes of superventricular premature beat
- atrial dilation
- atrial infilltration
- atrial fibrosis
- systemic disease
Causes of superventricular tachycardia
congenital: by pass tract
Disease:
- atrial dilation
- atrial infilltration
- atrial fibrosis
- systemic disease
Treatment of superventricular tachycarida
- digoxin
- diltiazem (ca channel blocker)
- atenolol (B blocker)
- sotalol (K channel blocker)
