SA infectious diseases Flashcards
Necrobacillosis
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Opportunistic pathogen (follow injuries), oral cavity+soil, worldwide, zoonotic
- Necrotic stomatitis of rabbits
- Local – through injuries, metastasis in same organ/lnn, generalization – lympho-haem. met.
- Myocarditis
Actinobacillosis
- Actinobacillus lignieresi
- Mostly cattle and sheep but the disease is also known to occur in horses, pigs, dogs and chickens.
- Facultative pathogen
- Injuries->invade deeper tissues->metastasis
- Lesions: 1.Nodules, 2.Ulceration, 3.Tumor-like growth, 4.Abcesses, 5.Sclerotic form
- Nodules: granulation tissue w. histiocytes+giant cells -> pyogranuloma (yellow)
- Tumor: w. hard CT-capsule
- Abcesses: capsule, granulation tissue, dense+viscous pus w. “sulphur granules”
- Sclerotic form: in case of healing, scattered foci, firm -> “sulphur granules”
Viruses causing enteric diseases and how
- Most imp. viruses for enteric dis.: Parvo-, Adeno-, Corona-, Rota-, Picorno-, Astro-, Calici-, Polyoma- and Reovirus.
- Reach epith. from luminal site, cause viraemia and circ. dist., reach and damage mucosa from int.epith. -> Malsecr., Malabs., maldig., osmotic diarrhea, lymphoid tissue damage
Enteric diseases caused by viruses: Coronavirus
- Kill/injure villous enterocytes
- Dog: Canine Coronavirus (CCoV)
- Similar to but much less severe than parvo
- Often coinfection w. parvo
- CCoV-1: vomiting, watery diarrhoea - young dogs
- CCoV-2: hemorrhagic enteritis, vomiting, ataxia - 1.5-2 m. old dogs
- Cat: Feline Coronavirus (FCoV)
- All felidae
- Serotype 1 and 2, each has 2 pathotypes:
1. Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV): few clinical signs, usually a chronic infection
2. Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) – 5% of pathotypes (lethal and incurable)
Enteric diseases caused by viruses: Rotavirus
-Rabbits, foals, lambs, mice: diarrhea
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Clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia
-Normal in GI-flora, spore-forming, anaerobic rod, G+
-Cl. Pefringens - E toxin
-Dog: Acute Haemorrhagic Gastroenteritis
-Rabbit: Necrotic Typhlitis
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Mycobacterial lesions of intestine
-M.tuberculosis, M.bovis
-Primary complex: horse+pig 100% enteral, Car 50%
-PO inf.
-Car: Proliferative
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Mycosis in the intestinal tract
Mycosis = Fungal infections that invades tissues and causes superficial, subcut. or systemic disease
- Secondary invaders - many sp.
- Granulomatous-ulcerative inflam., diphteric crusts
- Histoplasma Capsulatum, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Candida…
Enteral diseases of rabbits
- Forms: distention by gases, dislocations, obstipations, inflam.
- Inflam.: SI-LI: Acute catarrhal, necrotic, pseudmomembr., LI: Hemorrhagic, dysentery
- Causes: Infectious, malnut.
- Bacteria: Enterotoxaemia: Cl.perfringens, Cl.spiroforme, Cl.difficile (hemorrhagic colitis), E.coli (abnorm. thin content, edema, splenitis…), ERE – Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy (fluid+gas acc., obstip. In caecum), other; SA, Pasteurella multocida, Paratyphus (Salmonella), Tyzzer´s dis. (Cl.piriforme)
- Viruses: Rota, Adeno, Reo, Parvo, Corona
- Fungi: Saccharomyces (dysbact., enteritis)
- Protozoa: Coccidiosis, Oxyuriosis, Strongylosis, Trichostrong., Passalurosis, Truchuriosis, Cysticercosis, Encephalitozoon, Toxoplasma
Intestinal coccidiosis in mammals
-Sp. Specific Eimeria spp., predisp. factors help
-Multiplies in int. epith. – damage - enteritis
-Bloody diarrhoea
-Rabbit: E.intestinalis (SI), E.flavescens + E.piriformis + E.media + E.irresidua (S-LI)
-Car: E.parva (LI, haem.)
Dog: I.canis, I.burrowsi, I.ohioensis
Cat: I.felis, I.rivolta
-Cattharal/hemorrhagic enteritis in young animals
Anthrax
Bacillus anthrax – zoonotic, gram+, spore-forming
- Inhalation/per os/per cutan
- Acute (general) septicaemia or local forms: pharyngeal (su, Car), intestinal (carbunculus, cattle, horse), lungs (su, Hu), skin (carbunculus, pustule maligna, all)
Aleutian disease of minks
- Parvovirus
- Direct – per os/indirect - fleas
- Mink, ferret, skunk
- Multiplication in leukocytes -> inflam.
- Cachexia, enlarged liver+spleen+lnn., GN, erosions+hemorrhages in GIT
Viral pneumonias of dogs
- Canine Distemper (Paramyxov.->Morbilli virus) – interstitial pneu., 2nd inf. w. B.bronchiseptica, P.multocida -> Lobar bronchopneu. - Prolif. in pharyngeal lymph. tissue
- Adeno viral pneumonia (CAdV-2): Kennel cough, canine infectious tracheobronchitis (usually w. other pathogens; PI-2, Reo-1/2, Bordetella, Pasteurella) – 2nd bronchoalveolar pneu.
- Herpes viral pneumonia (CHV-2): Ø CS! Serous-catarrhal macro- and microbronchitis, 2nd bronchioalveolar pneu.
- Parainfluenza-2 (PI-2): serous-catarrhal desquamative tracheobronchitis, viraemia->interstitial pneu., 2nd bronchioalveolar pneu.
Bacterial pneumonias of dogs
- Pasteurella multocida, B.bronchiseptica, Klebsiella: Kennel cough, infectious catarrhal-purulent tracheobronchitis, lobar bronchoalveolar pneu.
- TB - M.bovis+M.TB: predom. prolif., primary complex in lungs/GIT, disseminated military proliferative tubercles
- Mycoplasma canis: macro- and microbronchitis, interstitial pneu., 2nd bronchoalveolar pneu.
- Nocardia asteroides: inf. thorugh skin lesions, abscesses, bacteriaemia, purulent pericarditis+pleuritis+bronchioalveolar pneu.
- Actinomyces hordeovulneris: aerog./skin lesions, purulent pericarditis+pleuritis+bronchioalveolar pneu.
- E.coli, Strep. spp.
Fungal, parasitic and other pneumonias of dogs
- Fungal: Aspergillus, Blastomycosis, Coccidiomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis
- Parasitic: Toxoplasmosis (fibrinous pneu, later necrosis), Pneumocystis (many diff. parasites)
- Toxic pneumonia (herbicides), pneumopathy (uraemia)
