Lymph, BM, etc.

Question 1

Forms of lymphadenitis

Answer 1

• Lymphadenitis = enlargement of lnn. due to infection
  1. Simple, acute: enlarged, swollen, soft, incr. fluid content, loss of structure
  2. Simple, chronic: less swollen, gritty feel, not easily movable, less moist
  3. Purulent: pyogenic bacteria, abscess formation, Strangles (Eq), Morel disease (sheep)
  4. Hemorrhagic: strong stimulus, RBCs in lnn.
  5. Necrotizing: Necrobacillosis – F.necrophorum
  6. Caseous: Corynebacterium pseudoTB (sheep+goat)
  7. Inflammatory-necrotizing foci: Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis, Tularaemia, Yersinia, etc.
  8. Granulomatous: accum. of activated macrophages – TB, paraTB, fungi, Leishmaniosis

Question 2

Causes of lymphadenitis

Answer 2

• Bacteria: Mycobacterium, Strep, Staph, Pasterurella, Salmonella, Bacterioides, Yersinia, Fusobacterium, etc.
• Viruses: FIP – mesenteric lnn.
• Protozoa: toxoplasma, Leishmania
• Fungi: Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Blastomyces

Question 3

Accumulation of pigments and other materials in the lymph nodes

Answer 3

1. Sinus catarrhus: abnorm. incr. amount of lymph
2. Antracosis: carbon (pollution)
3. Hemosiderin, Haemoglobin
4. Siderosis: Fe
5. Ceroid, Lipofuscin - aging
6. Melanin, Amyloid, Hyalin
7. Erythrocytes
8. Emphysema: air - peribronchial

Question 4

Insufficiency of bone marrow

Answer 4

1. Disturbance of erythrocytopoesis: erythrocytopaenia, myelocytopaenia, thrombocytopaenia
2. Dist. in blood cell formation separately: granulocytopaenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopaenia
   - -> Anaemia
   - Causes:
3. Hypoplasia of BM:
   - Feline Panleukopaenia - FLP (Parvovirus)
   - EIA (Retroviridae – Lentivirus)
   - Chicken Infectious Anaemia - CIA (Circovirus)
4. Depression of BM:
   - f.e. Stachybothrytoxicosis, Satratoxin

Question 5

Different types of anaemias

Answer 5

1. Post-haemorrhagic: acute/chronic
2. Haemolytic: endogenous/exogenous (toxic/infectious)
   Infectious:
   -Protozia: Babesia, Malaria, Plasmodiidosis
   -Bacteria: Ricketts, Anaplasmosis, Haemobartonellosis, Eperythrozoonosis, Clostridia, Strep. Haemolyticus, Leptrospira ichterohaemorrhagiae
   -Viruses: EIA, FLP, CIA
3. Hypofunctional: Iron def., Co-, Cu def., Erythropoietin def.
4. Aplastic (hypoplastic): necrosis + hypofunction, toxic (chemicals, mycotoxins, ionizing radiation, physical, endocrinopathy, viruses, idiopathic)