S5-Renaissance Flashcards
Why did the renaissance start in Florence?
- large wool trade all over Europe
- large banking industry, created cheques
- very proud of their city; wanted to make it beautiful
Cosimo de Medicci summary
- head of rich banking family
- ruled Florence w/ money
- searched Europe for manuscripts, set up 1st public library
- set up Platonic Acadamy
- paid inventors, artist, architects (eg. Brunelleschi)
- made alliances w/ other cities;kept Florence in peace
Lorenzo de Medici summary
- took over fam. Business @ 20 y/o
- patron to da Vinci, Michelangelo
- athlete, poet, patron => Lorenzo The Magnificent
New techniques of painting
- good anatomy (studied corpses)
- perspective
- portraits
- sfumato
- oil paint (previously egg whites)
- frescos (on wet plaster)
Why did the Renaisance begin in Italy?
- Old Roman Empire
- 1453, Greeks fled to Italy,bringing their literature
- wealthy Italian merchants, could afford to be patrons
- merchants influenced by Arabs and Chinese
- independant city states/no definite King/people thought for themselves
Renaissance painter In Italy
Leonardo Da Vinci:
- 1452-1519
- Mona Lisa (florence), Last Supper (Milan)
- Duke of Sforza-weapons
- mirror writing notebooks
- botany, geology, engineering
- King of France for 3 years, then died
Renaissance sculpture features:
- Stood on its own; not at wall
- copied from Roman and Greek sculptures
- realistic
Renaissance sculptor
Michelangelo Buaonarrotti:
- 1475-1564(near Florence)
- 13 years old apprenticed to sculptor, Lorenzo D.M. became patron
- Went to Rome, made Pièta, funded by a cardinal
- Florentines won war, ‘David’ won competition
- 1505 Pope Julius II sculptures for tomb-frescos on Sistine chapel
- 300+ love poems
- St.Peters Basillica dome
- died 89, never married, statues were his children
Differences between gothic and Renaissance architecture
Gothic-Spires, Pointed Raches, Flying Buttresses
Renaissance-Domes, Round Arches, Columns
Renaissance Architect
Fillippo Brunelleschi
- 1377-1446, Florence, trained as a goldsmith
- went to Rome to study Roman ruins, eg. Pantheon
- designed the ‘dome’
- spent 16 years on the Florence Cathedral, huge success
- father of Renaissance architecture
The Chinese invented printing,
But ________ __________ invented the ________ ____
- Johannes GuttenBurg
- Moveable Type
First printed book?
Bible
The 1st printed bible had ______ pages and there are __ copies left.
- 1,300 pages
- 47 copies
When was, where was and who set up the first moveable type company in England
- 1476
- London
- William Caxton
Consequences of Moveable Type
- more learned to read and write
- books became cheaper
- new ideas spread
- Kings and Popes had trouble stopping different teachings
Before the Renaissance, most books were in _____. However, after, books were written in people’s __________ language.
- Latin
- Vernacular
Bestselling hing about the corruption of the church
Dutch author Erasmus’ “In Praise Of Folly’
Books were no longer themed on ________ but more _________ _____.
- religion
- everyday lives
Spanish book about normal people
Miguel de Cervantes’ “Don Quixote”
Funny Tale of knight and servant
Renaissance playwright
William Shakespeare:
- 1564-1616
- 18, married Anne Hathaway, moved to London
- Wrote plays, company “King’s Men,”, Globe Theatre (held 2,000)
- wrote 38 plays (human mistakes)
- wrote 150+ sonnets (some to dark lady)
Why was medieval medicine bad?
- they knew of herbal remedies, but not about anatomy
- church banned dissecting bodies in 1300
- believed Galen’s incorrect theories
What was blood letting?
Cutting a patients skin to let the bad blood out
Father of human anatomy?
Andrea Vesalius 1514-1564 in Brussels
- Professor of Anatomy age 23 at Pauda University
- Held public directions at the university
- wrote “On The Fabric Of The Human Body” w/ 270 drawings
Man who proved circulation?
William Harvey 1578-1657
- Galen write ‘body burned blood, liver remade it’
- Harvey proved the heart pumped blood to King Charles I
Who first proved the earths rotation?
Nicholas Copernicus
- 1473-1543 Poland
- priest
- used Maths to prove earth’s revolvement
- didn’t have a telescope, couldn’t prove it
When was the first telescope invented?
Who invented it?
Hans Lippershey invented the telescope in 1608
Italian astronomer during the Renaissance
- Galileo Galilei 1564-1642, Pisa, Italian
- “Law Of Falling Bodies”
- improved Lippershey’s telescope x32
- “The Dialogue”-truths OS earth’s revolvement
- Put on trial in Rome
- Galileo threatened, agreed he was wrong, forbidden to write beliefs
What was “The Dialogue”?
Galileo’s book on how the earth revolves around the sun
Impact of Renaissance on women
Medieval ages:
Most doctors /healers were women or they learned family trade by staying at home
Renaissance:
Scholars had to go to university, women were banned and thus didn’t learn.
Artemisia Gentilleschi
-1593-1653
-primarily painted women- unable to study male nude
-
Judith Leyster
- 1609-1660
- Netherlands
- Painted domestic scenes and still lifes
- until 1900s people thought paintings were painted by male
Anna Maria van Schurmann
- 1607-1678, Netherlands
- knew Hebrew, Latin, Greek, wrote an Ethiopian grammar
- admitted to University of Utrecht
- forced to stand behind a curtain
