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History 1 > S2-Early Ireland > Flashcards

S2-Early Ireland Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did people come to Ireland 7,000BC?

A

Ice melted
Ireland became an island
Trees grew
People came :)

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2
Q

How did the first people get to Ireland

A

Short journey by sea

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3
Q

What did Mesolithic people eat, and how did they get it?

A

-Ate:
Fish, boar, berries, nuts, etc
- Hunted and gathered their food

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4
Q

What types of tools did mesoltihic people use?

A

Flint tools

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5
Q

How did we know about mesoltihic people?

A

From archaeology

Eg. Mount sanded, co. Derry.

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6
Q

Where did Mesolithic people give evidence of them existing in Ireland?

A

Mount Sandle, Co. Derry

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7
Q

Hat types of houses did mesoltihic people live in?

A

Done/tents made from animal skins, propped up by bent beams of wood in post holes

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8
Q

What food evidence was found at Mount Sandle?

A

Shells of: hazelnuts, fish

Bones of: fish, deer, duck, pig

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9
Q

When did people live in Mount Sandle

A

7000-6500BC approx.

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10
Q

Who cam water the Mesolithic people? What does their name mean?

A

Neolithic people

“New Stone Age”

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11
Q

What changed that showed historians/scientists that Neolithic people came?

A

Pollen from grass, wheat and barley found
Bones form cattle sheep and goats found

-> farming arrived
Ie. Trees cut, crops planted, animals raised

(4,000BC -2,000BC)

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12
Q

What tools did Neolithic people use?

A

Porcelanite tools

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13
Q

Neolithic people made their tools form a certain material, examples can be found all over Ireland .

Where was this material found in Ireland originally? What conclusion can be drawn from this?

A

Porcelanite is from Antrim and Rathlin island only,

But tools were found everywhere
THEREFORE

Neolithic people travelled and traded

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14
Q

Where is your studied excavation for Neolithic people?

A

Louth Gur, Co. Limerick

Céide Fields, Co.Mayo

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15
Q

What house did Neolithic people live in?

A
  • Wooden round/rectangular huts
  • caked with wattle and daub
  • open fire, no chimney
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16
Q

What did Mesolithic people wear?

A

-animal skins

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17
Q

What did Neolithic people wear?

A
  • spun and wove clothes
  • dyed with berries and plants
  • bone and stone jewellery
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18
Q

What did Neolithic people make?

A
  • clay pots
  • walled fields
  • rotary quern stones
  • tombs
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19
Q

Céide fields. Go.

A

Walled fields-stop attacks and wandering
Ploughed fields
Dissapeared for seemingly no reason

20
Q

Where did farming originate from?

A

Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Iran)

21
Q

Describe Neolithic pottery

A
  • clay bowls/pots
  • decorated w/ stick/fingernails
  • baked over fire
  • found all over Ireland
22
Q

Placed of evidenced for Neolithic people

A
  • Louth Gur, co. Limerick
  • Ceide Fields, co. Mayo
  • Bogs (bones n teeth)
23
Q

Types of Neolthic tombs

A

Court cairns
Dolmens
Passage tombs

24
Q

Court cairns

A
  • earliest
  • cairn =”pile of stones”
  • pottery, ashes, tools
  • passage leading to remains
  • mainly in N.I.
25
Q

Dolmens

A
  • 2/3 large stones topped with a capstone
  • capstone can weigh 100 tones
  • stones brought using logs, levers and ramps
  • eg. Burren, Co.Clare, (poulnabrone: 22 remains)
26
Q

Passage tombs

A
  • very big court cairns
  • 200+
  • we. Newgrange, co. Meath
27
Q

Newgrange physical facts

A
  • passage =19m long
  • chamber =6m high (some call chambers too)
  • stones from Wicklow 60+ km away
  • cor belled roof
  • artwork
  • roof box
28
Q

New grange reasons?

A

-tomb, because remains BUT very few remains
•sacrificial remains?
•remains of leaders?

-calendar?

29
Q

Time + manpower to create new grange?

A

400 men

16 years

30
Q

Time frames for Newgrange

A
  • excavation 1960s
  • older than pyramids+ Stonehenge
  • 4,500 years old
  • 17 mins light @ 21 December
31
Q

Newgrange tells us that Neolithic people were ….

A
  • skilled builders
  • artistic
  • religious (afterlife)
  • astronomers
  • respectful for dead
32
Q

Where, when how is copper mined from rocks?

A
  • Middle East
  • 2,500BC
  1. fire lit
  2. fire extinguished; rock cracks
  3. coppery rock smacked out
  4. Stony bits hammered off
  5. stony bits melted off
  6. Copper castes (also mixed w tin)
33
Q

When did the Bronze Age begin? How?

A

-2,500BC, skill of mixing copper and tin to make bronze spread throughout Europe

34
Q

What showed that the Bronze Age had arrived iIn ireland?

A

BEAKER PEOPLE

  • 2,000 ‘beaker pottery’ spread
  • they brought it to Ireland
35
Q

Mines FO metal (beaker people)

A
  • Mount Gabriel, Co.Cork (copper)

- Cornwall, England (tin)

36
Q

Smiths (beaker)

A

Made moulds (carved into rock)

  • poured and cooled metal inside -> casting
  • travelled country, buried belongings-> holds
37
Q

Eating (beaker)

A
  • bread and meat
  • used fulacht fiadh
  • meat wrapped in straw, boiled in water heated by red hot stones in a pit lined with wood
38
Q

Jewellery (beaker)

A
  • earrings, bracelets, necklaces, lunalae, torch, brooches

- copper, bronze, GOOLLLD

39
Q

Hoard for Beaker people

A

The Broighter Hold, Co.Derry

  • found 1896 by farmer
  • found: gold collars, torch, boat and oars
40
Q

Farming (beaker)

A
  • horses introduced

- fulacht fiadh

41
Q

Homes(beaker )

A

Found Tipperary and Cork

  • thatched+ wattle + daub
  • surrounding by wooden fences/stone walls
  • not many indoor fires, cause it’ll burn duh lol get rekt
42
Q

Name Beaker People’s tombs

A
  • wedge tombs
  • cosy graves
  • stone circles/rows
43
Q

Cist grave

A
  • stone lined pit
  • ashes or crouching position
  • personal artefacts buried too
44
Q

Wedge tombs

A
  • like dolmen, but cleverly flat and wedgy
  • most common in Ireland
  • cremated remains out in pottery
45
Q

Stone circles

A

-tall upright stones in circles/rows
-come contain remains
-align with sun
(Religious? Calendar?)
-eg, Beaghmour Stone Circle, Co.Tyrone

46
Q

Bronze Age people summed up

A 
1first to make metal tools w copper and tin
2 beaker people -new pottery 
3 2,500 BC
4 Mount Gabriel Co.Cork Copper mine
5 Tin imported from Cornwall
6 Gold jewellery and ornaments
7 Fulacht Fiadh 
8 Cist graves, wedge tombs, stone circles
47
Q

When did the first people arrive in Ireland?

A

Around 9,000 years ago

7,000 BC

History 1 (12 decks)

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