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History 1 > S2-Early Ireland > Flashcards

S2-Early Ireland Flashcards

1
Q

Why did people come to Ireland 7,000BC?

A

Ice melted
Ireland became an island
Trees grew
People came :)

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2
Q

How did the first people get to Ireland

A

Short journey by sea

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3
Q

What did Mesolithic people eat, and how did they get it?

A

-Ate:
Fish, boar, berries, nuts, etc
- Hunted and gathered their food

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4
Q

What types of tools did mesoltihic people use?

A

Flint tools

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5
Q

How did we know about mesoltihic people?

A

From archaeology

Eg. Mount sanded, co. Derry.

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6
Q

Where did Mesolithic people give evidence of them existing in Ireland?

A

Mount Sandle, Co. Derry

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7
Q

Hat types of houses did mesoltihic people live in?

A

Done/tents made from animal skins, propped up by bent beams of wood in post holes

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8
Q

What food evidence was found at Mount Sandle?

A

Shells of: hazelnuts, fish

Bones of: fish, deer, duck, pig

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9
Q

When did people live in Mount Sandle

A

7000-6500BC approx.

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10
Q

Who cam water the Mesolithic people? What does their name mean?

A

Neolithic people

“New Stone Age”

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11
Q

What changed that showed historians/scientists that Neolithic people came?

A

Pollen from grass, wheat and barley found
Bones form cattle sheep and goats found

-> farming arrived
Ie. Trees cut, crops planted, animals raised

(4,000BC -2,000BC)

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12
Q

What tools did Neolithic people use?

A

Porcelanite tools

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13
Q

Neolithic people made their tools form a certain material, examples can be found all over Ireland .

Where was this material found in Ireland originally? What conclusion can be drawn from this?

A

Porcelanite is from Antrim and Rathlin island only,

But tools were found everywhere
THEREFORE

Neolithic people travelled and traded

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14
Q

Where is your studied excavation for Neolithic people?

A

Louth Gur, Co. Limerick

Céide Fields, Co.Mayo

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15
Q

What house did Neolithic people live in?

A
  • Wooden round/rectangular huts
  • caked with wattle and daub
  • open fire, no chimney
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16
Q

What did Mesolithic people wear?

A

-animal skins

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17
Q

What did Neolithic people wear?

A
  • spun and wove clothes
  • dyed with berries and plants
  • bone and stone jewellery
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18
Q

What did Neolithic people make?

A
  • clay pots
  • walled fields
  • rotary quern stones
  • tombs
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19
Q

Céide fields. Go.

A

Walled fields-stop attacks and wandering
Ploughed fields
Dissapeared for seemingly no reason

20
Q

Where did farming originate from?

A

Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Iran)

21
Q

Describe Neolithic pottery

A
  • clay bowls/pots
  • decorated w/ stick/fingernails
  • baked over fire
  • found all over Ireland
22
Q

Placed of evidenced for Neolithic people

A
  • Louth Gur, co. Limerick
  • Ceide Fields, co. Mayo
  • Bogs (bones n teeth)
23
Q

Types of Neolthic tombs

A

Court cairns
Dolmens
Passage tombs

24
Q

Court cairns

A
  • earliest
  • cairn =”pile of stones”
  • pottery, ashes, tools
  • passage leading to remains
  • mainly in N.I.
25
Dolmens
- 2/3 large stones topped with a capstone - capstone can weigh 100 tones - stones brought using logs, levers and ramps - eg. Burren, Co.Clare, (poulnabrone: 22 remains)
26
Passage tombs
- very big court cairns - 200+ - we. Newgrange, co. Meath
27
Newgrange physical facts
- passage =19m long - chamber =6m high (some call chambers too) - stones from Wicklow 60+ km away - cor belled roof - artwork - roof box
28
New grange reasons?
-tomb, because remains BUT very few remains •sacrificial remains? •remains of leaders? -calendar?
29
Time + manpower to create new grange?
400 men | 16 years
30
Time frames for Newgrange
- excavation 1960s - older than pyramids+ Stonehenge - 4,500 years old - 17 mins light @ 21 December
31
Newgrange tells us that Neolithic people were ....
* skilled builders * artistic * religious (afterlife) * astronomers * respectful for dead
32
Where, when how is copper mined from rocks?
- Middle East - 2,500BC 1. fire lit 2. fire extinguished; rock cracks 3. coppery rock smacked out 4. Stony bits hammered off 5. stony bits melted off 6. Copper castes (also mixed w tin)
33
When did the Bronze Age begin? How?
-2,500BC, skill of mixing copper and tin to make bronze spread throughout Europe
34
What showed that the Bronze Age had arrived iIn ireland?
BEAKER PEOPLE - 2,000 'beaker pottery’ spread - they brought it to Ireland
35
Mines FO metal (beaker people)
- Mount Gabriel, Co.Cork (copper) | - Cornwall, England (tin)
36
Smiths (beaker)
Made moulds (carved into rock) - poured and cooled metal inside -> casting - travelled country, buried belongings-> holds
37
Eating (beaker)
- bread and meat - used fulacht fiadh - meat wrapped in straw, boiled in water heated by red hot stones in a pit lined with wood
38
Jewellery (beaker)
- earrings, bracelets, necklaces, lunalae, torch, brooches | - copper, bronze, GOOLLLD
39
Hoard for Beaker people
The Broighter Hold, Co.Derry - found 1896 by farmer - found: gold collars, torch, boat and oars
40
Farming (beaker)
- horses introduced | - fulacht fiadh
41
Homes(beaker )
Found Tipperary and Cork - thatched+ wattle + daub - surrounding by wooden fences/stone walls - not many indoor fires, cause it'll burn duh lol get rekt
42
Name Beaker People's tombs
- wedge tombs - cosy graves - stone circles/rows
43
Cist grave
- stone lined pit - ashes or crouching position - personal artefacts buried too
44
Wedge tombs
- like dolmen, but cleverly flat and wedgy - most common in Ireland - cremated remains out in pottery
45
Stone circles
-tall upright stones in circles/rows -come contain remains -align with sun (Religious? Calendar?) -eg, Beaghmour Stone Circle, Co.Tyrone
46
Bronze Age people summed up
``` 1first to make metal tools w copper and tin 2 beaker people -new pottery 3 2,500 BC 4 Mount Gabriel Co.Cork Copper mine 5 Tin imported from Cornwall 6 Gold jewellery and ornaments 7 Fulacht Fiadh 8 Cist graves, wedge tombs, stone circles ```
47
When did the first people arrive in Ireland?
Around 9,000 years ago 7,000 BC

History 1 (12 decks)

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