Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

(2) Neuroscience > S3_L3: Hypothalamus > Flashcards

S3_L3: Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Determine the corresponding origins of the main afferent nervous connections of the hypothalamus

  1. Hippocampohypothalamic fibers
  2. Amygdalohypothalamic fibers
  3. Thalamohypothalamic fibers
  4. Tegmental fibers

A. Dorsomedial and midline nuclei of thalamus
B.
 Tegmentum of midbrain
C. Amygdaloid complex
D. Hippocampus

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Determine the corresponding destinations of the main afferent nervous connections of the hypothalamus

  1. Hippocampohypothalamic fibers
  2. Amygdalohypothalamic fibers
  3. Thalamohypothalamic fibers
  4. Tegmental fibers

A. Hypothalamic nuclei
B.
 Nuclei of mammillary body

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Determine the corresponding origins of the main afferent nervous connections of the hypothalamus

  1. Medial and spinal lemnisci, tractus solitarius, reticular formation
  2. Visual fibers
  3. Medial forebrain bundle
  4. Auditory fibers
  5. Corticohypothalamic fibers

A. Olfactory mucous membrane
B.
 Inner ear
C. Retina (optic chiasma)
D. Frontal lobe of cerebral cortex
E. Viscera and somatic structures

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
  5. D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Determine the corresponding destinations of the main afferent nervous connections of the hypothalamus

  1. Medial and spinal lemnisci, tractus solitarius, reticular formation
  2. Visual fibers
  3. Medial forebrain bundle
  4. Auditory fibers
  5. Corticohypothalamic fibers

A. Hypothalamic nuclei
B.
 Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. A
  5. A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Many neurophysiologists regard the hypothalamus as the main output pathway of the ___

A

limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Determine the corresponding functions of the hypothalamic nuclei

  1. Synthesizes vasopressin
  2. Synthesizes oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone
  3. Controls parasympathetic system
  4. Controls sympathetic system
  5. Controls circadian rhythms

A. Preoptic and anterior nuclei
B.
 Posterior and lateral nuclei
C. Paraventricular nucleus
D. Supraoptic nucleus
E. Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
  5. E
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Determine the corresponding functions of the hypothalamic nuclei

  1. Regulate temperature (response to heat)
  2. Regulate temperature (response to cold)
  3. Inhibit eating and reduce food intake (satiety center)
  4. Initiate eating and increase food intake (hunger center); increases water intake (thirst center)

A. Medial hypothalamic nuclei
B.
 Lateral hypothalamic nuclei
C. Anterior hypothalamic nuclei
D. Posterior hypothalamic nuclei

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: An acute lesion is more likely to produce signs and symptoms than a slowly growing tumor.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Severe obesity can occur as the result of hypothalamic lesions. It is generally associated with genital ___ or atrophy.

A

hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In children, sexual retardation and, rarely, sexual ___ may result from hypothalamic lesions

A

precocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Following lesions of the hypothalamus, the patient can manifest with hyperthermia that is otherwise normal and has no signs of ___, which occurs with pyrexia secondary to infections.

A

Malaise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diabetes insipidus results from a lesion of the (1)___ or from the interruption of the nervous pathway to the (2)___ lobe of the hypophysis

A
  1. supraoptic nucleus
  2. posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Characteristically, a patient with diabetes insipidus passes large volumes of (1)___ of low specific gravity. This condition must be distinguished from diabetes mellitus, in which there is (2)___.

A
  1. urine
  2. glucosuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Obesity is less common than wasting in hypothalamic disease.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Obesity, wasting, hyper- and hypothermia, sleep disturbances, diabetes insipidus, and emotional disorders can all follow lesions of the hypothalamus.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stimulation of the ___ may cause the symptoms and signs of rage, whereas lesions of these areas may lead to passivity

A

Lateral hypothalamic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stimulation of the ___ may cause passivity, whereas lesions of this nucleus may lead to rage

A

ventromedial nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bilateral destruction of this structure results in anorexia, with the consequent loss in body weight

A

Lateral region of hypothalamus / Hunger center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bilateral destruction of this structure produces an uncontrolled voracious appetite, causing extreme obesity.

A

Medial region of hypothalamus / Satiety center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This hormone is produced mainly in the nerve cells of the supraoptic nucleus and its function is to cause vasoconstriction. It also has an important antidiuretic function, causing an increased absorption / reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules of kidneys.

A

Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ___ of the hypothalamus exerts a careful control on the osmolarity of the blood through the secretion of vasopressin by the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.

A

supraoptic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It controls those mechanisms that dissipate heat loss. Stimulation of this area of the hypothalamus causes dilation of skin blood vessels and sweating, which lower the body temperature.

A

Anterior region of hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stimulation of this area of the hypothalamus results in vasoconstriction of the skin blood vessels and inhibition of sweating. Shivering could also occur, in which the skeletal muscles produce heat.

A

Posterior region of hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Normally, the hypothalamus sets the body temperature at what temperature range when measured orally and 1º higher when measured rectally?

A

98.0-98.6ºF

Note: The temperature set can be altered in response to extremes, such as environmental temperatures or in infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The nerve cells of the hypothalamic nuclei, by producing the releasing factors or release-inhibiting factors control the hormone production of the ___ lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland).
anterior
26
This anterior lobe hormone acts through an endocrine organ, which in turn produces additional hormones that influence the activities of general body tissues.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
27
TRUE OR FALSE: Each stage of endocrine control is controlled by negative and positive feedback mechanisms.
True
28
Severe cachexia is suggestive of damage to the ___.
hypophysis / pituitary gland
29
TRUE OR FALSE: The hypothalamus may be the site of inflammation, neoplasm, or vascular disorders.
True
30
The hypothalamus is well placed, located in the center of the ___
limbic system
31
This structure is involved in episodic memory and reflex memory involved with smell
Mammillary bodies Source: NinjaNerd
32
Determine the corresponding origins of the main efferent nervous connections of the hypothalamus 1. Descending fibers in reticular formation to brainstem and spinal cord 2. Mammillothalamic tract 3. Mammillotegmental tract 4. Multiple pathways A. Nuclei of mammillary body B.
 Hypothalamic nuclei C. Preoptic, anterior, posterior, and lateral nuclei of hypothalamus
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B
33
Determine the corresponding destinations of the main efferent nervous connections of the hypothalamus 1. Descending fibers in reticular formation to brainstem and spinal cord 2. Mammillothalamic tract 3. Mammillotegmental tract 4. Multiple pathways A. Reticular formation in tegmentum of midbrain B.
 Limbic system C. Craniosacral parasympathetic (S2-4) and thoracolumbar sympathetic (T1-L2) outflows D. Anterior nucleus of thalamus; relayed to cingulate gyrus
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
34
Determine the corresponding presumed nuclear origins of the hypophysis releasing & inhibiting hormones in the hypothalamus 1. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) 2. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) 3. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 4. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 5. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) A. Paraventricular nuclei B. Infundibular or arcuate nucleus
 C. Preoptic and anterior nuclei D. Paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei and adjacent areas E. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
1. B 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. C
35
Divides the hypothalamic nuclei into medial and lateral zones
Imaginary parasagittal plane
36
Which 3 hypothalamic nuclei overlap both medial and lateral zones?
1. Preoptic nucleus 2. Suprachiasmatic nucleus 3. Mammillary nuclei
37
Hypothalamus receives information from the rest of the body through what 3 structures?
1. Nervous connections 2. The bloodstream 3. Cerebrospinal fluid
38
Serves as a conduit between the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus and distant sites of the brain
Cerebrospinal fluid
39
Determine the corresponding zone where each hypothalamic nuclei is found/recognized 1. Tuberomammillary nucleus 2. Paraventricular nucleus 3. Lateral nucleus 4. Dorsomedial nucleus 5. Infundibular (arcuate) nucleus A. Medial Zone B. Lateral Zone
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A
40
Determine the corresponding zone where each hypothalamic nuclei is found/recognized 1. Lateral tuberal nuclei 2. Ventromedial nucleus 3. Anterior nucleus 4. Supraoptic nucleus 5. Posterior nucleus A. Medial Zone B. Lateral Zone
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A
41
The ___, which receives afferent fibers from the retina, plays an important role in controlling the biologic rhythms.
suprachiasmatic nucleus
42
In the control of circadian rhythms, nerve impulses generated in response to variations of ___ are transmitted via the suprachiasmatic nucleus to influence the activities of many hypothalamic nuclei.
intensity of light
43
This hormone stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus and causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells that surround the alveoli and ducts of the breast. Toward the end of pregnancy, it is produced in large amounts and stimulates labor contractions of the uterus.
Oxytocin Additional: When the body suckles at the breast, a nervous reflex from the nipple stimulates the hypothalamus to produce more of the hormone which promotes the contraction of myoepithelial cells and assists in the expression of the milk from the breasts.
44
In the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin are passed along the axons together with carrier proteins called (1)___ and are released at the axon terminals. Then, the hormones are absorbed into the bloodstream in fenestrated capillaries of the (2)___ lobe of the hypophysis.
1. Neurophysins 2. Posterior
45
The supraoptic nucleus acts as an (1)___, where should the osmotic pressure of the blood circulating through the nucleus be too (2)___, the nerve cells increase their production of vasopressin, and the antidiuretic effect of this hormone will increase the reabsorption of water from the kidney. By this means, the osmotic pressure of the blood will return to normal limits.
1. osmoreceptor 2. high
46
TRUE OR FALSE: The hypothalamus is the integrator of afferent information received from other areas of the nervous system and brings about the physical expression of emotion.
True
47
TRUE OR FALSE: The hypothalamus can produce a massive peristaltic activity of the gastrointestinal tract
True
48
Emotion and behavior are a function of what 3 structures or systems?
1. Hypothalamus 2. Limbic system 3. Prefrontal cortex
49
It has a controlling influence on the autonomic nervous system and appears to integrate the autonomic and neuroendocrine systems, thus preserving body homeostasis. Majority of this structure is a center of the ANS.
Hypothalamus
50
The posterior pituitary is also known as
Neurohypophysis
51
The anterior pituitary is also known as
Adenohypophysis
52
The hypothalamus is connected to the hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland) by two pathways: - Nerve fibers that travel from the (1-2)___ to the posterior lobe of the hypophysis - Long and short portal blood vessels that connect sinusoids in the (3-4)___ with capillary plexuses in the anterior lobe of hypophysis
1-2. supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei 3-4. median eminence and infundibulum
53
When there is a lack of ___, patients can become very tall or develop gigantism
growth hormone-inhibitory hormone / somatostatin
54
Neurosecretory cells situated mainly in the ___ zone of the hypothalamus are responsible for the production of the releasing hormones and release-inhibitory hormones
medial
55
It lies below the thalamus and forms the floor and the inferior part of the lateral walls of the third ventricle.
Hypothalamus
56
Anterior to the hypothalamus is an area that, for functional reasons, is often included in the hypothalamus. Because it extends forward from the optic chiasma to the lamina terminalis and anterior commissure, it is referred to as the ___
preoptic area
57
Caudally, the hypothalamus merges into the ___ of the midbrain.
Tegmentum
58
Lateral boundary of the hypothalamus is formed by the ___
Internal capsule
59
Amygdalohypothalamic fibers pass from the amygdaloid complex to the hypothalamus through the (1)___ and by a route that passes inferior to the (2)___
1. stria terminalis 2. lentiform nucleus
60
Refers to relation between the anterior lobe of pituitary or adenohypophysis and hypothalamus. It is formed on each side from the superior hypophyseal artery.
Hypophyseal portal system
61
Stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone in the ovaries and the mammary gland to produce milk.
Luteotrophic hormone (lactogenic hormone, prolactin)
62
The hormones in the hypophyseal portal system are packaged into granules and are transported along the axons of these cells into the (1)___ and infundibulum. Here, the granules are released by (2)___ into fenestrated capillaries at the upper end of the hypophyseal portal system.
1. median eminence 2. exocytosis
63
Determine the corresponding effects / functional results of the following hormones 1. Somatostatin / Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) 2. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH), Dopamine 3. Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) 4. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) A. Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine B.
 Reduces lactogenesis C. Stimulates lactogenesis D. Reduces linear growth in epiphyseal cartilages
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
64
Determine the corresponding effects / functional results of the following hormones 1. Growth hormone (GH) 2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) & follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) A. Stimulates adrenal gland to produce corticosteroids and sex hormones B.
 Stimulates the linear growth in epiphyseal cartilages C. Stimulates ovarian follicles and production of estrogen and progesterone
1. B 2. C 3. A

(2) Neuroscience (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions