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(2) Neuroscience > S1_L1: Introduction & Organization of the Nervous System > Flashcards

S1_L1: Introduction & Organization of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Collections of neuronal cell bodies that result in fusiform swellings within the dorsal roots, or as irregular swellings with the ANS

A

Ganglia

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2
Q

These are fusiform swellings referred to as posterior root ganglia.

A

Sensory ganglia

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3
Q

Enumerate the cranial nerves that are the sensory ganglia

A
  1. CN V
  2. CN VII
  3. CN VIII
  4. CN IX
  5. CN X
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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A spinal nerve comprises both motor and sensory fibers.

A

True

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5
Q

Term that refers to the entire nervous system, from receptors in the periphery to spinal cord and to the subcortical structures and cortex of the brain.

A

Neuraxis

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6
Q

White matter consists of nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia and is white in color because of the presence of ___ in nerve fiber myelin sheaths

A

lipid material

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7
Q

The narrow part of the brain that connects the forebrain to the hindbrain

A

Midbrain

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8
Q

A clear, colorless, acellular & extracellular fluid found in the ventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid space of the brain and the spinal cord. It cushions and protects the CNS from trauma, nourishes the CNS, and removes used up metabolites.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cerebrospinal fluid provides mechanical buoyancy to the brain and supports it.

A

True

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10
Q

It separates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central Sulcus of Rolando

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11
Q

It separates the temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

A

Lateral Sylvian fissure

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12
Q

The nervous and endocrine systems together control and coordinate functions of all body systems. These systems coordinate as an interlocking system termed as the ___

A

Neuroendocrine system

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13
Q

This system performs short term crisis management

A

Nervous system

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14
Q

This system regulates long term ongoing metabolic activities

A

Endocrine system

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15
Q

The sensory pathways are also referred to as (1)___ pathways, while motor pathways are also referred to as (2)___ pathways.

A
  1. Ascending
  2. Descending
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16
Q

Term for the centers and tracts that connect the brain with other organs and systems in the body

A

Pathways

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17
Q

gray matter on the surface of the brain

A

Neural cortex

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18
Q

collections of neuron cell bodies in the interior of the CNS

A

nuclei

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19
Q

collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; each of this structure has specific processing functions

A

Centers

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20
Q

The most complex centers in the brain

A

Higher centers

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21
Q

Most of the time, the gray matter is ___-shaped.

A

Bean

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22
Q

bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin and destination

A

Nerve tracts

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23
Q

These are several nerve tracts that form an anatomically distinct mass

A

Nerve columns

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24
Q

Cylindrical structure and begins superiorly at the foramen magnum, where it is continuous with the medulla oblongata

A

Spinal cord

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25
Q

The only cranial nerve that exits from the posterior or dorsal part of the brainstem

A

Trochlear nerve

26
Q

The most common type of nerve in the body. It is a mixture of sensory and motor neurons that carry impulses via the PNS to and from CNS.

A

Mixed nerve

27
Q

A nerve where all axons carry impulses via the PNS from the CNS

A

Motor / efferent nerves

28
Q

A nerve where all axons carry impulses from sensory receptors via the PNS to the CNS

A

Sensory / afferent nerves

29
Q

Part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is composed of a large number of neurons (excitable nerve cells) and processes known as axons or nerve fibers.

A

Central nervous system

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the peripheral nervous system, the nerves are relatively unprotected and are commonly damaged by trauma.

A

True

31
Q

Specialized tissue for rapid conduction of electrical impulses that convey information from one part of the body to another

A

Nervous tissue

32
Q

Functional units of the nervous system. These units transmit information in the form of electrical current at their cell membranes.

A

Neurons

33
Q

Component of the neuron that receive information from another cell or receptor and transmit the message to the cell body.

A

Dendrites

34
Q

Component of the neuron that contains the nucleus, mitochondria and other organelles typical of eukaryotic cells

A

Cell body

35
Q

Component of the neuron that conducts messages away from the cell body

A

Axon

36
Q

Type of cell that provides physical support for neurons. It is also referred to as nerve glue and represents 90% of cells in the brain.

A

Neuroglia

37
Q

Enumerate the 3 major divisions of the brain

A
  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
  3. hindbrain
38
Q

Integration and command center of the body that is covered by meninges and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Central nervous system

39
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of (1)___ pairs of cranial and (2)___ pairs of spinal nerves and their associated ganglia

A
  1. 12
  2. 31
40
Q

The diencephalon is almost completely hidden from the surface of the brain and consists of a dorsal ___ and a ventral ___.

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
41
Q

In the central nervous system, the (1)___ matter make up the cerebral cortex, different centers, nuclei and higher centers; the (2)___ matter are made up of nerve tracts and nerve columns.

A
  1. gray
  2. white
42
Q

In the peripheral nervous system, the (1)___ matter are made up of ganglia, while the (2)___ matter are made up of nerves, which are bundles of axons in the PNS.

A
  1. Gray
  2. White
43
Q

The brain is composed of an inner core of (1)___ matter, which is surrounded by an outer covering of (2)___ matter

A
  1. white
  2. gray
44
Q

Composed of sensory axons which bring sensory information into the spinal cord

A

Dorsal root

45
Q

Axons of motor neurons in the spinal cord; control somatic and visceral effectors

A

Ventral root

46
Q

In the spinal cord, sensory and motor roots are bound together into a single spinal nerve which is located ___ to the root ganglion.

A

distal

47
Q

Connects the two cerebellar hemispheres

A

Pons / Bridge

48
Q

Within each cerebral hemisphere is a cavity, known as the

A

Lateral ventricle

49
Q

Composed of large bundles of nerve fibers connecting the cerebellum to the remainder of the nervous system

A

Peduncles

50
Q

Tougher outer layer of the meninges that surround the CNS, dura mater and arachnoid. It is a shock absorber

A

Pachymeninx / Dura mater

51
Q

Term for the 2 inner meninges (arachnoid and pia mater, with subarachnoid space between them), where the CSF circulates

A

Leptomeninx

52
Q

outermost, toughest layer of the meninges

A

dura mater

53
Q

innermost layer of the meninges, thin covering

A

pia mater

54
Q

After emerging from the intervertebral foramen, each spinal nerve immediately divides into a large (1)__ ramus and a smaller (2)__ ramus, each containing both motor and sensory fibers.

A
  1. anterior
  2. posterior
55
Q

The posterior ramus of the spinal nerve passes posteriorly around the vertebral column to supply the muscles and skin of the ___

A

back

56
Q

The anterior ramus of the spinal nerve continues anteriorly to supply the muscles and skin over the anterolateral body wall and all the muscles and skin of the ___.

A

limbs

57
Q

The anterior rami of the spinal nerves join one another at the root of the limbs to form complicated ___

A

nerve plexuses

58
Q

It forms the roof of the fourth ventricle

A

Cerebellum

59
Q

Separates the cerebellum from the occipital and temporal lobes

A

Tentorium cerebeIIi

60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The length of the roots increases progressively from above downward. In the upper cervical region, the spinal nerve roots are short and run almost horizontally; lumbar and sacral nerves form a vertical leash of nerves around the filum terminale.

A

True

(2) Neuroscience (12 decks)

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