S1_L1: Introduction & Organization of the Nervous System

Question 1

Collections of neuronal cell bodies that result in fusiform swellings within the dorsal roots, or as irregular swellings with the ANS

Answer 1

Ganglia

Question 2

These are fusiform swellings referred to as posterior root ganglia.

Answer 2

Sensory ganglia

Question 3

Enumerate the cranial nerves that are the sensory ganglia

Answer 3

1. CN V
2. CN VII
3. CN VIII
4. CN IX
5. CN X

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: A spinal nerve comprises both motor and sensory fibers.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Term that refers to the entire nervous system, from receptors in the periphery to spinal cord and to the subcortical structures and cortex of the brain.

Answer 5

Neuraxis

Question 6

White matter consists of nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia and is white in color because of the presence of ___ in nerve fiber myelin sheaths

Answer 6

lipid material

Question 7

The narrow part of the brain that connects the forebrain to the hindbrain

Answer 7

Midbrain

Question 8

A clear, colorless, acellular & extracellular fluid found in the ventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid space of the brain and the spinal cord. It cushions and protects the CNS from trauma, nourishes the CNS, and removes used up metabolites.

Answer 8

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: Cerebrospinal fluid provides mechanical buoyancy to the brain and supports it.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

It separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 10

Central Sulcus of Rolando

Question 11

It separates the temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 11

Lateral Sylvian fissure

Question 12

The nervous and endocrine systems together control and coordinate functions of all body systems. These systems coordinate as an interlocking system termed as the ___

Answer 12

Neuroendocrine system

Question 13

This system performs short term crisis management

Answer 13

Nervous system

Question 14

This system regulates long term ongoing metabolic activities

Answer 14

Endocrine system

Question 15

The sensory pathways are also referred to as (1)___ pathways, while motor pathways are also referred to as (2)___ pathways.

Answer 15

1. Ascending
2. Descending

Question 16

Term for the centers and tracts that connect the brain with other organs and systems in the body

Answer 16

Pathways

Question 17

gray matter on the surface of the brain

Answer 17

Neural cortex

Question 18

collections of neuron cell bodies in the interior of the CNS

Answer 18

nuclei

Question 19

collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; each of this structure has specific processing functions

Answer 19

Centers

Question 20

The most complex centers in the brain

Answer 20

Higher centers

Question 21

Most of the time, the gray matter is ___-shaped.

Answer 21

Bean

Question 22

bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin and destination

Answer 22

Nerve tracts

Question 23

These are several nerve tracts that form an anatomically distinct mass

Answer 23

Nerve columns

Question 24

Cylindrical structure and begins superiorly at the foramen magnum, where it is continuous with the medulla oblongata

Answer 24

Spinal cord

Question 25

The only cranial nerve that exits from the posterior or dorsal part of the brainstem

Answer 25

Trochlear nerve

Question 26

The most common type of nerve in the body. It is a mixture of sensory and motor neurons that carry impulses via the PNS to and from CNS.

Answer 26

Mixed nerve

Question 27

A nerve where all axons carry impulses via the PNS from the CNS

Answer 27

Motor / efferent nerves

Question 28

A nerve where all axons carry impulses from sensory receptors via the PNS to the CNS

Answer 28

Sensory / afferent nerves

Question 29

Part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is composed of a large number of neurons (excitable nerve cells) and processes known as axons or nerve fibers.

Answer 29

Central nervous system

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE: In the peripheral nervous system, the nerves are relatively unprotected and are commonly damaged by trauma.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Specialized tissue for rapid conduction of electrical impulses that convey information from one part of the body to another

Answer 31

Nervous tissue

Question 32

Functional units of the nervous system. These units transmit information in the form of electrical current at their cell membranes.

Answer 32

Neurons

Question 33

Component of the neuron that receive information from another cell or receptor and transmit the message to the cell body.

Answer 33

Dendrites

Question 34

Component of the neuron that contains the nucleus, mitochondria and other organelles typical of eukaryotic cells

Answer 34

Cell body

Question 35

Component of the neuron that conducts messages away from the cell body

Answer 35

Axon

Question 36

Type of cell that provides physical support for neurons. It is also referred to as nerve glue and represents 90% of cells in the brain.

Answer 36

Neuroglia

Question 37

Enumerate the 3 major divisions of the brain

Answer 37

1. forebrain 2. midbrain 3. hindbrain

Question 38

Integration and command center of the body that is covered by meninges and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 38

Central nervous system

Question 39

The peripheral nervous system consists of (1)___ pairs of cranial and (2)___ pairs of spinal nerves and their associated ganglia

Answer 39

1. 12 2. 31

Question 40

The diencephalon is almost completely hidden from the surface of the brain and consists of a dorsal ___ and a ventral ___.

Answer 40

1. thalamus 2. hypothalamus

Question 41

In the central nervous system, the (1)___ matter make up the cerebral cortex, different centers, nuclei and higher centers; the (2)___ matter are made up of nerve tracts and nerve columns.

Answer 41

1. gray 2. white

Question 42

In the peripheral nervous system, the (1)___ matter are made up of ganglia, while the (2)___ matter are made up of nerves, which are bundles of axons in the PNS.

Answer 42

1. Gray 2. White

Question 43

The brain is composed of an inner core of (1)___ matter, which is surrounded by an outer covering of (2)___ matter

Answer 43

1. white 2. gray

Question 44

Composed of sensory axons which bring sensory information into the spinal cord

Answer 44

Dorsal root

Question 45

Axons of motor neurons in the spinal cord; control somatic and visceral effectors

Answer 45

Ventral root

Question 46

In the spinal cord, sensory and motor roots are bound together into a single spinal nerve which is located ___ to the root ganglion.

Answer 46

distal

Question 47

Connects the two cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 47

Pons / Bridge

Question 48

Within each cerebral hemisphere is a cavity, known as the

Answer 48

Lateral ventricle

Question 49

Composed of large bundles of nerve fibers connecting the cerebellum to the remainder of the nervous system

Answer 49

Peduncles

Question 50

Tougher outer layer of the meninges that surround the CNS, dura mater and arachnoid. It is a shock absorber

Answer 50

Pachymeninx / Dura mater

Question 51

Term for the 2 inner meninges (arachnoid and pia mater, with subarachnoid space between them), where the CSF circulates

Answer 51

Leptomeninx

Question 52

outermost, toughest layer of the meninges

Answer 52

dura mater

Question 53

innermost layer of the meninges, thin covering

Answer 53

pia mater

Question 54

After emerging from the intervertebral foramen, each spinal nerve immediately divides into a large (1)__ ramus and a smaller (2)__ ramus, each containing both motor and sensory fibers.

Answer 54

1. anterior 2. posterior

Question 55

The posterior ramus of the spinal nerve passes posteriorly around the vertebral column to supply the muscles and skin of the ___

Answer 55

back

Question 56

The anterior ramus of the spinal nerve continues anteriorly to supply the muscles and skin over the anterolateral body wall and all the muscles and skin of the ___.

Answer 56

limbs

Question 57

The anterior rami of the spinal nerves join one another at the root of the limbs to form complicated ___

Answer 57

nerve plexuses

Question 58

It forms the roof of the fourth ventricle

Answer 58

Cerebellum

Question 59

Separates the cerebellum from the occipital and temporal lobes

Answer 59

Tentorium cerebeIIi

Question 60

TRUE OR FALSE: The length of the roots increases progressively from above downward. In the upper cervical region, the spinal nerve roots are short and run almost horizontally; lumbar and sacral nerves form a vertical leash of nerves around the filum terminale.

Answer 60

True