Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

(2) Neuroscience > S1_L4: Blood Supply of the Brain > Flashcards

S1_L4: Blood Supply of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four arteries supplying the brain?

A

Two internal carotid arteries
Two vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The normal cerebral blood flow is 50-60 ml/100 g of brain tissue per minute

A

True

Source: BRS Neuroanatomy, 6th; Snell’s Clinical Neuroanatomy, 8th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The internal carotid arteries account for what percentage of cerebral circulation?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The vertebral arteries account for what percentage of cerebral circulation?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The basilar artery is formed by the union of ___

A

Two vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The posterior cerebral artery is not branch of internal carotid artery. The posterior communicating artery is a branch of internal carotid artery.

A. First statement is correct
B. Second statement is correct
C. Both are correct
D. Both are incorrect

A

C. Both are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the Circle of Willis located?

A

In the interpeduncular fossa at the base of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enumerate the 3 small arteries of the spinal cord

A

Posterior spinal arteries (2)
Anterior spinal artery (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An increase in (1)___ or (2)___ ion concentration in the cerebral circulation has the most powerful vasodilator influence on cerebral blood vessels.

A
  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Hydrogen

Note: Reduction in oxygen concentration also causes vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most important factor in forcing the blood through the brain?

A

Arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 factors that oppose the arterial blood pressure?

A
  1. Raised intracranial pressure
  2. Increased blood viscosity
  3. Narrowing of the vascular diameter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cerebral blood flow remains constant despite changes in general BP

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the largest branch of the internal carotid artery?

A

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is formed by the tight junctions that exist between the endothelial cells in the capillary beds and serves to isolate the brain tissue from the rest of the body?

A

Blood—brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Capillary blood supply to the brain is greater in the gray matter than in the white matter.

A

True

Reason: Because metabolic activity in the neuronal cell bodies in the gray matter is much greater than in the nerve processes in the white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cerebral blood vessels are innervated by ____ nerve fibers and respond to norepinephrine.

A

Sympathetic postganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Autoregulation of the circulation is accomplished by compensatory lowering of the cerebral vascular resistance when the arterial pressure is decreased. The cerebral vascular resistance rises when arterial pressure is increased.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is considered as the main factor contributing to cerebrovascular resistance?

A

The diameter of cerebral blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Determine the corresponding supply to specific areas of the brain

  1. Branches of the posterior communicating, basilar, and posterior cerebral arteries
  2. Posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar, and basilar arteries
  3. Vertebral, anterior and posterior spinal, posterior inferior cerebellar, and basilar arteries
  4. Superior cerebellar, anterior inferior cerebellar, and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
  5. Basilar, and the anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries

A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. Cerebellum
E. Thalamus

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
  4. D
  5. B
20
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the external cerebral veins

  1. Drains the insula and is joined by the anterior cerebral and striate veins to form the basal vein
  2. Empty into the superior sagittal sinus
  3. Drains the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere
  4. Empty into the cavernous sinus

A. Superior cerebral veins
B. Superficial middle cerebral vein
C. Deep middle cerebral vein

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
  4. B
21
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the branches of the basilar artery

  1. Gives rise to the labyrinthine artery, and supplies the hypothalamospinal tract, anterior and inferior parts of cerebellum
  2. Numerous small vessels that enter the substance of the pons, supply corticospinal tracts and intra-axial exciting fibers of CN VI
  3. Provides the major blood supply to the midbrain
  4. Long, narrow artery that accompanies CN VII and CN VIII into the internal acoustic meatus and supplies the internal ear
  5. Supplies the superior surface of the cerebellum

A. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
B. Superior cerebellar artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
D. Pontine artery
E. Labyrinthine artery

A
  1. A
  2. D
  3. C
  4. E
  5. B
22
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of some branches of the basilar artery

  1. Supplies the rostral and lateral pons, pineal gland, & superior medullary velum
  2. Its choroidal branch supplies the choroid plexus
  3. Supplies the visual cortex
  4. Few of its branches pass to the pons and upper part of the medulla oblongata
  5. Its central branches supply posterior half of the thalamus, lentiform nucleus, midbrain, pineal, and medial & lateral geniculate bodies

A. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
B. Superior cerebellar artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. C
  4. A
  5. C
23
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of some branches of the cerebral portion

  1. Supplies the eye and other orbital structures
  2. Small branches supply the crus cerebri, lateral geniculate body, optic tract, and internal capsule
  3. Enters the orbit through the optic canal below and lateral to the optic nerve
  4. It passes posteriorly close to the optic tract, enters the inferior horn of lateral ventricle, and ends in choroid plexus
  5. Runs posteriorly above the oculomotor nerve to join the posterior cerebral artery, forming part of the circle of Willis

A. Ophthalmic artery
B. Posterior communicating artery
C. Choroidal artery

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. A
  4. C
  5. B
24
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

  1. Cortical branches supply all the medial surface of the cerebral cortex
  2. Runs laterally in the lateral cerebral sulcus
  3. Supplies the “leg area” of the precentral gyrus
  4. Supplies all the motor area except the “leg area”
  5. Runs forward and medially superior to the optic nerve and enters the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum

A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
25
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of some branches of the cranial portion

  1. Supplies the inferior surface of the vermis, the central nuclei of the cerebellum, and the undersurface of the cerebellar hemisphere
  2. May give rise to the posterior spinal artery
  3. Supply the bone and dura in the posterior cranial fossa
  4. Largest branch of the vertebral artery
  5. Very small branches that are distributed to the medulla oblongata

A. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
B. Medullary arteries
C. Meningeal branches

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. C
  4. A
  5. B
26
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the anterior and posterior spinal arteries

  1. Supply the anterior and lateral horns and anterior and lateral funiculi
  2. Arise directly from the vertebral artery or indirectly from the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
  3. Supply the gracile and cuneate fasciculi and nuclei in the medulla
  4. Very small in the upper and lower thoracic segments of the spinal cord
  5. Embedded in the pia mater along the anterior median fissure

A. Anterior spinal artery
B. Posterior spinal artery

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. A
  5. A
27
Q

Determine the corresponding venous drainage of specific areas of the brain

  1. Veins that empty into the great cerebral vein (vein of Galen) or adjacent venous sinuses
  2. Veins that open into the basal of great cerebral veins
  3. Veins that open into the spinal veins and neighboring venous sinuses
  4. Veins that open into the basal vein, cerebellar veins, or neighboring venous sinuses

A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. Cerebellum

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
28
Q

What does an intracarotid injection or inhalation of radioactive krypton or xenon measure?

A

Cerebral blood flow

29
Q

The four arteries of the brain lie within the cerebrospinal fluid of the subarachnoid space, and their branches anastomose on the inferior surface of the brain to form ____

A

Circle of Willis

30
Q

The venous drainage of the ___ is the pathway for transmission of infectious agents and tumor cells

A

Spinal cord

Additional: Blood passes from spinal veins within the subarachnoid space to the epidural internal venous plexus before draining into intracranial, cervical, thoracic, intercostal, or abdominal veins

Source: BRS Neuroanatomy, 6th

31
Q

The internal carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the (1)____ in the neck, where it usually possesses a localized dilatation, the (2)____

A
  1. Common carotid artery
  2. Carotid sinus
32
Q

What are the 6 arteries that are part of the Circle of Willis?

A
  1. Internal carotid
  2. Anterior communicating
  3. Anterior cerebral
  4. Posterior communicating
  5. Posterior cerebral
  6. Basilar
33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The veins of the brain have no muscular tissue in their very thin walls, and they possess no valves.

A

True

34
Q

This artery may be the major source of blood to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord

A

Great Anterior Medullary Artery of Adamkiewicz

35
Q

The Great Anterior Medullary Artery of Adamkiewicz is a large and important feeder artery. It arises from the aorta in the lower thoracic or upper lumbar vertebral levels, origin varies from (1)____. It is usually (2)____, arising on the left side.

A
  1. T12 to L4
  2. Unilateral

Source: BRS Neuroanatomy, 6th

36
Q

These provide the main blood supply to the spinal cord at thoracic and lumbar levels where spinal arteries become inconsistent.

A

Segmental spinal arteries

Source: BRS Neuroanatomy, 6th

37
Q

Which lumbar artery gives rise to the large anterior medullary artery, the artery of Adamkiewicz?

A

Second lumbar artery

Source: BRS Neuroanatomy, 6th

38
Q

The arteries of the brain provide the brain with (1)___% of the oxygen used by the body. (2)___% of the cardiac output goes to the brain.

A
  1. 20
  2. 15
39
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the sympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers supplying the cerebral arteries causes _____ of the cerebral arteries

A

Vasoconstriction

40
Q

The sympathetic and postganglionic nerve fibers are the nerve supply of the cerebral arteries. These fibers are derived from the ___ sympathetic ganglion.

A

Superior cervical

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When an artery on one side is occluded, the arterial circle permits blood to flow across the midline.

A

True

42
Q

The vertebral artery is a paired branch of the first part of the (1)___. It ascends the neck by passing through the foramina in the transverse processes of the (2)___ cervical vertebrae

A
  1. Subclavian artery
  2. Upper six / C1-C6
43
Q

At the junction between the medulla and the pons (lower border), the two vertebral arteries fuse to form the ____ on the anterior surface of the pons.

A

Basilar artery

Source: BRS Neuroanatomy, 6th

44
Q

At the upper border of the pons, the basilar artery divides into the two ____ arteries.

A

Posterior cerebral

45
Q

The internal cerebral veins are formed by the union of what 2 veins where they run posteriorly in the tela choroidea of the third ventricle?

A

Thalamostriate and choroid veins

46
Q

The corpus striatum and the internal capsule are supplied mainly by the medial and lateral striate central branches of the ____ artery

A

Middle cerebral

Additional: The central branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the remainder of these structures

(2) Neuroscience (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions