S3_L1: Sensory Assessment Flashcards
Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments
- Pain produced by a non-noxious stimulus
- Inability to localize sensation
- Inability to recognize the form and shape of an object by touch
- Sensation experienced at a site remote
from point of stimulation - Complete loss of pain sensitivity
A. Analgesia
B.
Astereognosis
C. Atopognosia
D. Allodynia
E. Allesthesia
- D
- C
- B
- E
- A
Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments
- Touch sensation experienced as pain
- Loss of light touch
- Painful, burning sensations, usually along the distribution of the nerve
- Inability to recognize weights
- Vascular lesion resulting in sensory disturbances and partial / complete paralysis of one side of the body, associated with severe, boring-type pain.
A. Abarognosis
B.
Causalgia
C. Dysesthesia
D. Thalamic Syndrome
E. Thigmanesthesia
- C
- E
- B
- A
- D
Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments
- Increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli
- Inability to perceive heat
- Increased sensitivity to temperature
- Inability to perceive temperature
- Increased sensitivity to pain
A. Therm-hyperesthesia
B.
Hyperalgesia
C. Hyperesthesia
D. Thermanesthesia
E. Thermanalgesia
- C
- E
- A
- D
- B
Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments
- Abnormal sensation (numbness,
tingling, pins and needles) - Decreased sensitivity to sensory stimuli
- Loss or absence of vibration sense
- Decreased sensitivity to pain
- Decreased sensitivity to temperature
A. Hypoalgesia
B.
Hypesthesia
C. Therm-hypesthesia
D. Paresthesia
E. Pallanesthesia
- D
- B
- E
- A
- C
Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots
- Temple, forehead, occiput
- Deltoid, lateral aspect of arm and elbow
- Entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal
area - Vertex of Skull
- Shoulder (supraclavicular), clavicle, upper
scapula
A. C1
B. C2
C. C3
D. C4
E. C5
- B
- E
- C
- A
- D
Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots
- Medial arm, Axillary area
- Medial forearm, Little finger
- Lateral aspect of forearm, thumb
- Index, Middle and Ring fingers
- Medial forearm, Medial elbow
A. C6
B. C7
C. C8
D. T1
E. T2
- E
- C
- A
- B
- D
Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots
- Abdomen and lumbar region
- Upper thorax (small strip of skin)
- Level of Umbilicus
- Costal margin
- Nipple line (strip of skin)
A. T3-T6
B. T4-T5
C. T5-T7
D. T8-T12
E. T10
- D
- A
- E
- C
- B
Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots
- Anterolateral aspect of the thigh
- Medial malleolus, medial leg
- Just above the inguinal line
- Lateral leg, dorsum of foot (1st to 3rd digits)
- Medial thigh, Medial knee, patellar area
A. L1
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4
E. L5
- B
- D
- A
- E
- C
Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots
- Groin, buttocks area
- Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum, perianal
area - Posterior knee, posterior thigh
- Posterior leg, calcaneus, 4th-5th digits
A. S1
B. S2
C. S3
D. S4-S5
- C
- D
- B
- A
An examination performed by PTs to know the
ability of the patient to perceive sensations to prevent any injury that may occur during the intervention.
Sensory assessment
This states that the specificity of nerve fiber sensitivity is to a single modality of sensation. Receptors are specific to the sensations that they
perceive.
Labeled Line Principle
This refers to a general class of stimulus, determined by the type of energy transmitted by the stimulus and the receptors specialized to sense that energy
Sensory modality
Sensory receptors for hot and cold sensations
Thermoreceptors
Sensory receptors that receive noxious stimuli. These are specific to painful stimulation.
Nociceptors
Sensory receptors found in the epidermal and dermal parts of the skin. These respond to mechanical sensations (e.g. pressure, touch, vibration).
Mechanoreceptors
Sensory receptors found in aortic and carotid bodies. These receive changes in chemical concentration in the blood and will be excited to detect changes in the blood.
Chemoreceptors
Sensory receptors found in the retina of the eyes (rods and cones). These are very sensitive and specific to electromagnetic energy, light.
Photic (Electromagnetic) receptors
A division of sensory receptors where its inputs come from both exteroceptive and proprioceptive receptors
Combined Cortical Sensation
Deep sensation sensory receptors that receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints and fascia. These are commonly associated with musculoskeletal conditions.
Proprioceptors
Superficial sensation sensory receptors that receive stimuli from the external environment via the skin & subcutaneous tissue.
Exteroceptors
This states that all sensory nerves enter dorsally (posteriorly) and all motor nerves will exit
anteriorly.
Bell Magendie Law
TRUE OR FALSE: All patients are candidates for sensory assessment.
False
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the arousal levels
- Difficult to arouse from a somnolent state and confused when awake. Needs repetitive / vigorous stimulation
- Cannot be aroused
- Drowsy, has difficulty maintaining attention on a question or task, decreased attention span
- Attentive to normal levels of stimulation
- Patient responds to noxious stimuli, but unable to interact with the PT even when aroused. Once stimuli is removed, patient will go back to their state prior to the stimulation
A. Alert
B.
Lethargic
C. Obtunded
D. Stupor
E. Coma
- C
- E
- B
- A
- D
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the preliminary considerations for sensory assessment
- Birthday, names of children, breakfast, etc
- Awareness of Person, Place, Time
- Repeat items on a progressively challenging list; spell words backwards
- Physiological readiness of the human system for activity
- Fund of Knowledge, Calculation Ability, Proverb
Interpretation
A. Test for arousal level
B.
Test for attention span
C. Test for orientation
D. Test for cognition
E. Test for memory
- E
- C
- B
- A
- D
When testing for temperature awareness, what part of the test tube must be applied onto the patient’s skin?
Side of the test tube
*Not the end or base of the test tube so as not to
mistake it as a pressure sensation
Pain perception is aka?
Sharp/Dull Discrimination
The awareness of movement where the joint is passively moved through a small ROM. It checks for direction while simultaneously moving it
Kinesthesia
The joint position sense where the joint is held in a static position
Proprioception
TRUE OR FALSE: Bony prominences are good conductors of vibration.
True
In this type of proprioception test, it is inherently necessary for the participants to use their memory to match the target position accurately, so it is likely that matching error reflects memory or cognitive deficits rather than any decrease in the proprioception itself. This reliance to memory is due to the fact that no single limb can concurrently provide a reference joint angle while replicating that same angle.
Ipsilateral position matching
In this type of proprioception test, the need for memory to match a given reference angle is eliminated. It does, however, require greater
interhemispheric communication (or transfer). Individuals with asymmetric brain injuries would be disadvantaged for this type of matching task.
Contralateral position matching
Note: Its disadvantage is that when error arises in position matching, it is difficult to ascertain if the error is due to the reference limb, the matching limb or both.
Temperature ranges used for warm and cool stimuli in the temperature awareness test for superficial sensation
Warm: 40-45C
Cool: 5-10C
TRUE OR FALSE: In sensory assessment, it is important to always introduce the sensations on the affected side/extremity first.
False
Unaffected side first
When testing for deep sensations particularly kinesthesia and proprioception, the ___ joint is always used for testing
distal
Determine the corresponding classification of these deep sensory receptors
- Free nerve endings
- Muscle spindle
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Golgi tendon organs
- Golgi type endings
- Ruffini endings
A. Muscle receptors
B. Fascial receptors
C. Tendon receptors
D. Joint receptors
E. Both B and D
- E
- A
- E
- C
- D
- D
The (1)__ process of the first order neuron connects with sensory receptors, while the (2)__ process enters the spinal cord and synapse on the second order neuron.
- peripheral
- central
TRUE OR FALSE: Meissner’s corpuscles detect 2-point discrimination.
False
It detects discriminative touch, movement of objects over the skin, and crude touch
TRUE OR FALSE: Free nerve endings have a protective mechanism against possible injury. The extremes of temperature (too hot or too cold) are not felt as temperature anymore, but rather as pain because these could be perceived as noxious stimuli.
True
Cutaneous receptors that have a contributing role in the perception of touch
and pressure in the dermis and eyes, cold
sensations, general touch, and crude touch.
Krause end bulb (bulboid corpuscles)
It is the ability of the brain to organize, interpret, and use sensory information to produce movement. The neurological process that organizes sensation from one’s own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment.
Sensory integration
TRUE OR FALSE: Motor Learning and Motor Performance are inextricably linked to sensation.
True
This type of sensory integration uses sensory information received during the movement, for refining the movement during the actual action.
Feedback Control
This type of sensory integration is a proactive strategy that uses sensory information from past experiences. It allows anticipatory adjustments in movement before doing a certain
action.
Feedforward Control
This vitamin is important in recovery and regeneration of nerves
Vitamin B12
Determine the corresponding descriptions of these sensory impairments / dysfunctions
- Pins and needles
- Neuropathic, burning, electric type of pain
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- SCI
- Stroke
A. Affectation of the Peripheral Nervous System / LMNL
B.
Affectation of the Central Nervous System / UMNL
C. Combined involvement of PNS and CNS
- A
- B
- C
- B
- B
What sensation does the spinoreticular / spinopontoreticular system transmit?
Diffuse pain
This can only be found in spinothalamic tracts and acts as an additional layer of protection. It has connections two segments above and two segments below it.
Lissauer’s tract
TRUE OR FALSE: The bigger the representation of the body area in the sensory homunculus in the brain, the more sensitive it is.
True
Additional: The lips and hands have a big representation, hence if these areas were assessed, patients can localize where the pressure was applied.
The somatosensory cortex is a part of the ___ lobe
parietal
Represented by Brodmann’s Areas 5 & 7. Its functions are to determine the initial position required before the movement and error detection during movement. It also processes information based on previous experiences and identifies movement outcome to shape learning.
Somatosensory Association Area / Posterior Parietal Cortex
