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(1) Fundamentals of Physical Therapy > S3_L1: Sensory Assessment > Flashcards

S3_L1: Sensory Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments

  1. Pain produced by a non-noxious stimulus
  2. Inability to localize sensation
  3. Inability to recognize the form and shape of an object by touch
  4. Sensation experienced at a site remote
    from point of stimulation
  5. Complete loss of pain sensitivity

A. Analgesia
B.
 Astereognosis
C. Atopognosia
D. Allodynia
E. Allesthesia

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. B
  4. E
  5. A
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2
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments

  1. Touch sensation experienced as pain
  2. Loss of light touch
  3. Painful, burning sensations, usually along the distribution of the nerve
  4. Inability to recognize weights
  5. Vascular lesion resulting in sensory disturbances and partial / complete paralysis of one side of the body, associated with severe, boring-type pain.

A. Abarognosis
B.
 Causalgia
C. Dysesthesia
D. Thalamic Syndrome
E. Thigmanesthesia

A
  1. C
  2. E
  3. B
  4. A
  5. D
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3
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments

  1. Increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli
  2. Inability to perceive heat
  3. Increased sensitivity to temperature
  4. Inability to perceive temperature
  5. Increased sensitivity to pain

A. Therm-hyperesthesia
B.
 Hyperalgesia
C. Hyperesthesia
D. Thermanesthesia
E. Thermanalgesia

A
  1. C
  2. E
  3. A
  4. D
  5. B
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4
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of common sensory impairments

  1. Abnormal sensation (numbness,
    tingling, pins and needles)
  2. Decreased sensitivity to sensory stimuli
  3. Loss or absence of vibration sense
  4. Decreased sensitivity to pain
  5. Decreased sensitivity to temperature

A. Hypoalgesia
B.
 Hypesthesia
C. Therm-hypesthesia
D. Paresthesia
E. Pallanesthesia

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. E
  4. A
  5. C
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5
Q

Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots

  1. Temple, forehead, occiput
  2. Deltoid, lateral aspect of arm and elbow
  3. Entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal
    area
  4. Vertex of Skull
  5. Shoulder (supraclavicular), clavicle, upper
    scapula

A. C1
B. C2

C. C3
D. C4
E. C5

A
  1. B
  2. E
  3. C
  4. A
  5. D
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6
Q

Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots

  1. Medial arm, Axillary area
  2. Medial forearm, Little finger
  3. Lateral aspect of forearm, thumb
  4. Index, Middle and Ring fingers
  5. Medial forearm, Medial elbow

A. C6
B. C7

C. C8
D. T1
E. T2

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
  5. D
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7
Q

Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots

  1. Abdomen and lumbar region
  2. Upper thorax (small strip of skin)
  3. Level of Umbilicus
  4. Costal margin
  5. Nipple line (strip of skin)

A. T3-T6
B. T4-T5

C. T5-T7
D. T8-T12
E. T10

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. E
  4. C
  5. B
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8
Q

Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots

  1. Anterolateral aspect of the thigh
  2. Medial malleolus, medial leg
  3. Just above the inguinal line
  4. Lateral leg, dorsum of foot (1st to 3rd digits)
  5. Medial thigh, Medial knee, patellar area

A. L1
B. L2

C. L3
D. L4
E. L5

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. E
  5. C
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9
Q

Determine the corresponding dermatome of the following nerve roots

  1. Groin, buttocks area
  2. Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum, perianal
    area
  3. Posterior knee, posterior thigh
  4. Posterior leg, calcaneus, 4th-5th digits

A. S1
B. S2

C. S3
D. S4-S5

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. B
  4. A
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10
Q

An examination performed by PTs to know the
ability of the patient to perceive sensations to prevent any injury that may occur during the intervention.

A

Sensory assessment

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11
Q

This states that the specificity of nerve fiber sensitivity is to a single modality of sensation. Receptors are specific to the sensations that they
perceive.

A

Labeled Line Principle

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12
Q

This refers to a general class of stimulus, determined by the type of energy transmitted by the stimulus and the receptors specialized to sense that energy

A

Sensory modality

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13
Q

Sensory receptors for hot and cold sensations

A

Thermoreceptors

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14
Q

Sensory receptors that receive noxious stimuli. These are specific to painful stimulation.

A

Nociceptors

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15
Q

Sensory receptors found in the epidermal and dermal parts of the skin. These respond to mechanical sensations (e.g. pressure, touch, vibration).

A

Mechanoreceptors

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16
Q

Sensory receptors found in aortic and carotid bodies. These receive changes in chemical concentration in the blood and will be excited to detect changes in the blood.

A

Chemoreceptors

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17
Q

Sensory receptors found in the retina of the eyes (rods and cones). These are very sensitive and specific to electromagnetic energy, light.

A

Photic (Electromagnetic) receptors

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18
Q

A division of sensory receptors where its inputs come from both exteroceptive and proprioceptive receptors

A

Combined Cortical Sensation

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19
Q

Deep sensation sensory receptors that receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints and fascia. These are commonly associated with musculoskeletal conditions.

A

Proprioceptors

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20
Q

Superficial sensation sensory receptors that receive stimuli from the external environment via the skin & subcutaneous tissue.

A

Exteroceptors

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21
Q

This states that all sensory nerves enter dorsally (posteriorly) and all motor nerves will exit
anteriorly.

A

Bell Magendie Law

22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: All patients are candidates for sensory assessment.

A

False

23
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the arousal levels

  1. Difficult to arouse from a somnolent state and confused when awake. Needs repetitive / vigorous stimulation
  2. Cannot be aroused
  3. Drowsy, has difficulty maintaining attention on a question or task, decreased attention span
  4. Attentive to normal levels of stimulation
  5. Patient responds to noxious stimuli, but unable to interact with the PT even when aroused. Once stimuli is removed, patient will go back to their state prior to the stimulation

A. Alert
B.
 Lethargic
C. Obtunded
D. Stupor
E. Coma

A
  1. C
  2. E
  3. B
  4. A
  5. D
24
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the preliminary considerations for sensory assessment

  1. Birthday, names of children, breakfast, etc
  2. Awareness of Person, Place, Time
  3. Repeat items on a progressively challenging list; spell words backwards
  4. Physiological readiness of the human system for activity
  5. Fund of Knowledge, Calculation Ability, Proverb
    Interpretation

A. Test for arousal level
B.
 Test for attention span
C. Test for orientation
D. Test for cognition
E. Test for memory

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. B
  4. A
  5. D
25
Q

When testing for temperature awareness, what part of the test tube must be applied onto the patient’s skin?

A

Side of the test tube

*Not the end or base of the test tube so as not to
mistake it as a pressure sensation

26
Q

Pain perception is aka?

A

Sharp/Dull Discrimination

27
Q

The awareness of movement where the joint is passively moved through a small ROM. It checks for direction while simultaneously moving it

A

Kinesthesia

28
Q

The joint position sense where the joint is held in a static position

A

Proprioception

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Bony prominences are good conductors of vibration.

A

True

30
Q

In this type of proprioception test, it is inherently necessary for the participants to use their memory to match the target position accurately, so it is likely that matching error reflects memory or cognitive deficits rather than any decrease in the proprioception itself. This reliance to memory is due to the fact that no single limb can concurrently provide a reference joint angle while replicating that same angle.

A

Ipsilateral position matching

31
Q

In this type of proprioception test, the need for memory to match a given reference angle is eliminated. It does, however, require greater
interhemispheric communication (or transfer). Individuals with asymmetric brain injuries would be disadvantaged for this type of matching task.

A

Contralateral position matching

Note: Its disadvantage is that when error arises in position matching, it is difficult to ascertain if the error is due to the reference limb, the matching limb or both.

32
Q

Temperature ranges used for warm and cool stimuli in the temperature awareness test for superficial sensation

A

Warm: 40-45C
Cool: 5-10C

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In sensory assessment, it is important to always introduce the sensations on the affected side/extremity first.

A

False

Unaffected side first

34
Q

When testing for deep sensations particularly kinesthesia and proprioception, the ___ joint is always used for testing

A

distal

35
Q

Determine the corresponding classification of these deep sensory receptors

  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Muscle spindle
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Golgi tendon organs
  5. Golgi type endings
  6. Ruffini endings

A. Muscle receptors
B. Fascial receptors

C. Tendon receptors
D. Joint receptors
E. Both B and D

A
  1. E
  2. A
  3. E
  4. C
  5. D
  6. D
36
Q

The (1)__ process of the first order neuron connects with sensory receptors, while the (2)__ process enters the spinal cord and synapse on the second order neuron.

A
  1. peripheral
  2. central
37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Meissner’s corpuscles detect 2-point discrimination.

A

False

It detects discriminative touch, movement of objects over the skin, and crude touch

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Free nerve endings have a protective mechanism against possible injury. The extremes of temperature (too hot or too cold) are not felt as temperature anymore, but rather as pain because these could be perceived as noxious stimuli.

A

True

39
Q

Cutaneous receptors that have a contributing role in the perception of touch
and pressure in the dermis and eyes, cold
sensations, general touch, and crude touch.

A

Krause end bulb (bulboid corpuscles)

40
Q

It is the ability of the brain to organize, interpret, and use sensory information to produce movement. The neurological process that organizes sensation from one’s own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment.

A

Sensory integration

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Motor Learning and Motor Performance are inextricably linked to sensation.

A

True

42
Q

This type of sensory integration uses sensory information received during the movement, for refining the movement during the actual action.

A

Feedback Control

43
Q

This type of sensory integration is a proactive strategy that uses sensory information from past experiences. It allows anticipatory adjustments in movement before doing a certain
action.

A

Feedforward Control

44
Q

This vitamin is important in recovery and regeneration of nerves

A

Vitamin B12

45
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of these sensory impairments / dysfunctions

  1. Pins and needles
  2. Neuropathic, burning, electric type of pain
  3. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  4. SCI
  5. Stroke

A. Affectation of the Peripheral Nervous System / LMNL
B.
 Affectation of the Central Nervous System / UMNL
C. Combined involvement of PNS and CNS

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. B
  5. B
46
Q

What sensation does the spinoreticular / spinopontoreticular system transmit?

A

Diffuse pain

47
Q

This can only be found in spinothalamic tracts and acts as an additional layer of protection. It has connections two segments above and two segments below it.

A

Lissauer’s tract

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The bigger the representation of the body area in the sensory homunculus in the brain, the more sensitive it is.

A

True

Additional: The lips and hands have a big representation, hence if these areas were assessed, patients can localize where the pressure was applied.

49
Q

The somatosensory cortex is a part of the ___ lobe

A

parietal

50
Q

Represented by Brodmann’s Areas 5 & 7. Its functions are to determine the initial position required before the movement and error detection during movement. It also processes information based on previous experiences and identifies movement outcome to shape learning.

A

Somatosensory Association Area / Posterior Parietal Cortex

(1) Fundamentals of Physical Therapy (11 decks)

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