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(1) Fundamentals of Physical Therapy > S2_L3: Postural Assessment > Flashcards

S2_L3: Postural Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

This develops at 3 months when the baby is able to tilt their head up, in prone, rolls over

A

Cervical lordosis

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2
Q

This develops at 6-8 months when the baby learns how to sit

A

Lumbar lordosis

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3
Q

Center of gravity in infants

A

Xiphoid process / T12

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The external auditory meatus should be aligned with the shoulder in the lateral view.

A

True

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5
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of McKenzie’s 3 syndromes

  1. Misalignment of IV disc materials / bony misalignment
  2. Symptoms are affected by movement and may present in different parts of the body
  3. Pain is induced by end-range static loading
  4. Pain is not referred and never constant
  5. Pain at end-range when shortened tissues are tensed

A. Postural Syndrome
B.
 Dysfunction Syndrome
C. Derangement Syndrome

A
  1. C
  2. C
  3. A
  4. A
  5. B
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6
Q

Enumerate the 7 anatomical factors affecting posture

A
  1. Bony contours
  2. Laxity of ligamentous structures
  3. Fascial and musculocutaneous tightness
  4. Muscle tone
  5. Pelvic angle
  6. Joint position and mobility
  7. Neurogenic outflow and inflow
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7
Q

Avoid standing or sitting in one position for a prolonged period of time; occasionally alter the position. Stretch out and alter position to relieve tension at least every ___.

A

30 minutes

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8
Q

For proper standing posture, stand with your body weight evenly placed on
each leg; keep your knees flexed slightly and allow your pelvis to roll ___ to maintain lumbar lordosis.

A

forward / anteriorly

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9
Q

For proper posture during walking, use a ___ gait pattern.

A

heel-toe

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10
Q

This refers to prominence of the SCM muscle causing tilting of the head on the same side and rotation to the opposite side

A

Torticollis

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11
Q

This refers to the medial winging of the scapula which is due to weakness of the serratus anterior muscle

A

Open book deformity

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12
Q

This refers to the lateral winging of the scapula

A

Sliding door deformity

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13
Q

This refers to an acromioclavicular joint dislocation wherein the distal end of the clavicle lies superior to the acromion process

A

Step deformity

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14
Q

This refers to a decreased carrying angle at the elbow joint

A

Cubitus varus

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15
Q

This refers to an increased stress medially at the elbow joint

A

Cubitus valgus

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16
Q

This refers to the wasting of the thenar eminence as a result of a median nerve palsy

A

Ape hand

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17
Q

This refers to the increased anteroposterior dimension of the chest wherein the sternum projects forward and downward

A

Pigeon Chest / pectus carinatum

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18
Q

This refers to a higher ASIS on the ipsilateral side and a lower PSIS on the same side resulting to a scoliosis or leg length discrepancy

A

Anterior pelvic torsion

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19
Q

This refers to an increased angulation of the head of the femur on the femoral shaft causing a relatively long leg

A

Coxa valga

20
Q

This refers to a medially displaced patella due to a medial femoral torsion

A

Squinting patella

21
Q

This refers to a laterally displaced patella due to lateral femoral torsion

A

Frog eyes / Grasshopper’s patella

22
Q

This refers to a superiorly placed patella

A

Patella alta

23
Q

This refers to an inferiorly placed patella

A

Patella baja

24
Q

This refers to a medial deviation of the head of the first metatarsal bone in relation to the center of the body

A

Hallux valgus

25
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the ankle and foot

  1. Medial tibial torsion
  2. Talipes calcaneovalgus
  3. Excessive femoral anteversion
  4. Tight Achilles
  5. Tight ERs / Weak IRs

A. Out-toeing
B. In-toeing

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. A
26
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the ankle and foot

  1. Talipes equinovarus
  2. Lateral tibial torsion
  3. Tight IRs / Weak ERs
  4. Abnormal femoral retroversion
  5. Pronated foot

A. Out-toeing
B. In-toeing

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
27
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the leg

  1. Excessive subtalar supination
  2. Metatarsus adductus
  3. Out-toeing
  4. Excessive subtalar pronation
  5. In-toeing

A. Lateral tibial torsion
B. Medial tibial torsion

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. B
28
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the knee (patella)

  1. Medial tibial torsion
  2. Excessive Hip ER or abduction
  3. Pes planus
  4. Lateral patellar subluxation
  5. Excessive Hip IR or adduction

A. Genu varum
B. Genu valgum

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
  4. B
  5. B
29
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the hip

  1. Medial patellar deviation / tilting (Squinting patella)
  2. Out-toeing
  3. Lateral patellar deviation / tilting (Frog Eyes / Grasshopper eyes)
  4. Excessive subtalar pronation
  5. Excessive subtalar supination

A. Lateral femoral torsion
B. Medial femoral torsion

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
30
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the hip

  1. Anterior pelvic tilt
  2. Long ipsilateral leg
  3. Short ipsilateral leg
  4. Supinated subtalar joint
  5. Pronated subtalar joint

A. Coxa valga
B. Coxa vara

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
31
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the hip

  1. Lateral tibial & femoral torsion
  2. Lateral patellar subluxation
  3. Subtalar pronation
  4. Medial tibial & femoral torsion
  5. Subtalar supination

A. Femoral anteversion
B. Femoral retroversion

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. A
  5. B
32
Q

Pelvic dysfunction is the asymmetry and instability of pelvic region. The loss of stability of the pelvis (including SIJ (sacroiliac joint)) is crucial in etiology of ___.

A

non-specific low back pain

33
Q

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Lower Crossed Syndrome

  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Lumbar erector spinae
  3. Gluteus maximus
  4. Thigh adductors

A. Hyperactive postural muscles
B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
34
Q

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Lower Crossed Syndrome

  1. Tensor fascia latae
  2. Gluteus minimus
  3. Hamstrings
  4. Quadratus lumborum
  5. External oblique

A. Hyperactive postural muscles
B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. A
  5. B
35
Q

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Lower Crossed Syndrome

  1. Gluteus medius
  2. Rectus femoris
  3. Rectus abdominis
  4. Piriformis
  5. Internal oblique

A. Hyperactive postural muscles
B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
36
Q

(1)___ refers to when the ASIS is farther from the umbilicus and (2)___ refers to when the ASIS is closer from the umbilicus.

A
  1. Outflare
  2. Inflare
37
Q

(1)___ refers to when the bony landmarks are higher on 1 side and (2)___ refers to when the bony landmarks are lower on 1 side.

A
  1. Upslip
  2. Downslip
38
Q

In the lateral view, the fixed point of the plumb line is slightly ___ to the outer / lateral malleolus of the patient

A

anterior

39
Q

Test for scoliosis. Done by both hands reaching towards the floor. To look out for rib humps and muscle spasms.

A

Forward bending test

40
Q

Determine the corresponding description of these body types

  1. pyknic; rounded
  2. asthenic; bones are more prominent
  3. athletic; muscular

A. Ectomorph
B. Mesomorph

C. Endomorph

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
41
Q

The resting position of the mandible has a freeway space between the upper and lower arch of teeth of __ mm

A

~3

41
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the pelvis

  1. Right hip abducted
  2. Weak right abductors
  3. Right hip adducted
  4. Weak left adductors
  5. (+) Trendelenburg’s sign

A. Lateral pelvic tilt (Pelvic drop on R leg stance)
B. Lateral pelvic tilt (Pelvic hitch on R leg stance)

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
42
Q

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the thoracic and cervical spine

  1. Pigeon chest
  2. Protracted scapula
  3. Funnel / Sunken chest
  4. Cervical spine extension

A. Excessive kyphosis
B. Pectus Carinatum
C. Pectus Excavatum
D. Round back
E. Both A and D

A
  1. B
  2. E
  3. C
  4. D
43
Q

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Upper Crossed Syndrome, Forward Head Posture

  1. Upper trapezius & levator scapula
  2. Rhomboids
  3. Serratus anterior
  4. Neck flexors
  5. Pectorals

A. Hyperactive postural muscles
B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. B
  5. A
44
Q

Pelvis assumes higher level as the individual bears weight. Pelvis does not drop or level

A

Pelvic hitch

45
Q

Occurs when weight bearing on one side and the other is dropped. Manifests with a lateral pelvic tilt on the stance leg.

A

Trendelenburg’s sign

(1) Fundamentals of Physical Therapy (11 decks)

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