S2_L3: Postural Assessment

Question 1

This develops at 3 months when the baby is able to tilt their head up, in prone, rolls over

Answer 1

Cervical lordosis

Question 2

This develops at 6-8 months when the baby learns how to sit

Answer 2

Lumbar lordosis

Question 3

Center of gravity in infants

Answer 3

Xiphoid process / T12

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: The external auditory meatus should be aligned with the shoulder in the lateral view.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Determine the corresponding descriptions of McKenzie’s 3 syndromes

1. Misalignment of IV disc materials / bony misalignment
2. Symptoms are affected by movement and may present in different parts of the body
3. Pain is induced by end-range static loading
4. Pain is not referred and never constant
5. Pain at end-range when shortened tissues are tensed

A. Postural Syndrome
B.
 Dysfunction Syndrome
C. Derangement Syndrome

Answer 5

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. B

Question 6

Enumerate the 7 anatomical factors affecting posture

Answer 6

1. Bony contours
2. Laxity of ligamentous structures
3. Fascial and musculocutaneous tightness
4. Muscle tone
5. Pelvic angle
6. Joint position and mobility
7. Neurogenic outflow and inflow

Question 7

Avoid standing or sitting in one position for a prolonged period of time; occasionally alter the position. Stretch out and alter position to relieve tension at least every ___.

Answer 7

30 minutes

Question 8

For proper standing posture, stand with your body weight evenly placed on
each leg; keep your knees flexed slightly and allow your pelvis to roll ___ to maintain lumbar lordosis.

Answer 8

forward / anteriorly

Question 9

For proper posture during walking, use a ___ gait pattern.

Answer 9

heel-toe

Question 10

This refers to prominence of the SCM muscle causing tilting of the head on the same side and rotation to the opposite side

Answer 10

Torticollis

Question 11

This refers to the medial winging of the scapula which is due to weakness of the serratus anterior muscle

Answer 11

Open book deformity

Question 12

This refers to the lateral winging of the scapula

Answer 12

Sliding door deformity

Question 13

This refers to an acromioclavicular joint dislocation wherein the distal end of the clavicle lies superior to the acromion process

Answer 13

Step deformity

Question 14

This refers to a decreased carrying angle at the elbow joint

Answer 14

Cubitus varus

Question 15

This refers to an increased stress medially at the elbow joint

Answer 15

Cubitus valgus

Question 16

This refers to the wasting of the thenar eminence as a result of a median nerve palsy

Answer 16

Ape hand

Question 17

This refers to the increased anteroposterior dimension of the chest wherein the sternum projects forward and downward

Answer 17

Pigeon Chest / pectus carinatum

Question 18

This refers to a higher ASIS on the ipsilateral side and a lower PSIS on the same side resulting to a scoliosis or leg length discrepancy

Answer 18

Anterior pelvic torsion

Question 19

This refers to an increased angulation of the head of the femur on the femoral shaft causing a relatively long leg

Answer 19

Coxa valga

Question 20

This refers to a medially displaced patella due to a medial femoral torsion

Answer 20

Squinting patella

Question 21

This refers to a laterally displaced patella due to lateral femoral torsion

Answer 21

Frog eyes / Grasshopper’s patella

Question 22

This refers to a superiorly placed patella

Answer 22

Patella alta

Question 23

This refers to an inferiorly placed patella

Answer 23

Patella baja

Question 24

This refers to a medial deviation of the head of the first metatarsal bone in relation to the center of the body

Answer 24

Hallux valgus

Question 25

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the ankle and foot 1. Medial tibial torsion 2. Talipes calcaneovalgus 3. Excessive femoral anteversion 4. Tight Achilles 5. Tight ERs / Weak IRs A. Out-toeing B. In-toeing

Answer 25

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A

Question 26

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the ankle and foot 1. Talipes equinovarus 2. Lateral tibial torsion 3. Tight IRs / Weak ERs 4. Abnormal femoral retroversion 5. Pronated foot A. Out-toeing B. In-toeing

Answer 26

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B

Question 27

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the leg 1. Excessive subtalar supination 2. Metatarsus adductus 3. Out-toeing 4. Excessive subtalar pronation 5. In-toeing A. Lateral tibial torsion B. Medial tibial torsion

Answer 27

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B

Question 28

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the knee (patella) 1. Medial tibial torsion 2. Excessive Hip ER or abduction 3. Pes planus 4. Lateral patellar subluxation 5. Excessive Hip IR or adduction A. Genu varum B. Genu valgum

Answer 28

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B

Question 29

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the hip 1. Medial patellar deviation / tilting (Squinting patella) 2. Out-toeing 3. Lateral patellar deviation / tilting (Frog Eyes / Grasshopper eyes) 4. Excessive subtalar pronation 5. Excessive subtalar supination A. Lateral femoral torsion B. Medial femoral torsion

Answer 29

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A

Question 30

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the hip 1. Anterior pelvic tilt 2. Long ipsilateral leg 3. Short ipsilateral leg 4. Supinated subtalar joint 5. Pronated subtalar joint A. Coxa valga B. Coxa vara

Answer 30

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B

Question 31

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the hip 1. Lateral tibial & femoral torsion 2. Lateral patellar subluxation 3. Subtalar pronation 4. Medial tibial & femoral torsion 5. Subtalar supination A. Femoral anteversion B. Femoral retroversion

Answer 31

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B

Question 32

Pelvic dysfunction is the asymmetry and instability of pelvic region. The loss of stability of the pelvis (including SIJ (sacroiliac joint)) is crucial in etiology of ___.

Answer 32

non-specific low back pain

Question 33

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Lower Crossed Syndrome 1. Iliopsoas 2. Lumbar erector spinae 3. Gluteus maximus 4. Thigh adductors A. Hyperactive postural muscles B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

Answer 33

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A

Question 34

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Lower Crossed Syndrome 1. Tensor fascia latae 2. Gluteus minimus 3. Hamstrings 4. Quadratus lumborum 5. External oblique A. Hyperactive postural muscles B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

Answer 34

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B

Question 35

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Lower Crossed Syndrome 1. Gluteus medius 2. Rectus femoris 3. Rectus abdominis 4. Piriformis 5. Internal oblique A. Hyperactive postural muscles B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

Answer 35

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B

Question 36

(1)___ refers to when the ASIS is farther from the umbilicus and (2)___ refers to when the ASIS is closer from the umbilicus.

Answer 36

1. Outflare 2. Inflare

Question 37

(1)___ refers to when the bony landmarks are higher on 1 side and (2)___ refers to when the bony landmarks are lower on 1 side.

Answer 37

1. Upslip 2. Downslip

Question 38

In the lateral view, the fixed point of the plumb line is slightly ___ to the outer / lateral malleolus of the patient

Answer 38

anterior

Question 39

Test for scoliosis. Done by both hands reaching towards the floor. To look out for rib humps and muscle spasms.

Answer 39

Forward bending test

Question 40

Determine the corresponding description of these body types 1. pyknic; rounded 2. asthenic; bones are more prominent 3. athletic; muscular A. Ectomorph B. Mesomorph 
C. Endomorph

Answer 40

1. C 2. A 3. B

Question 41

The resting position of the mandible has a freeway space between the upper and lower arch of teeth of __ mm

Answer 41

~3

Question 41

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the pelvis 1. Right hip abducted 2. Weak right abductors 3. Right hip adducted 4. Weak left adductors 5. (+) Trendelenburg's sign A. Lateral pelvic tilt (Pelvic drop on R leg stance) B. Lateral pelvic tilt (Pelvic hitch on R leg stance)

Answer 41

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A

Question 42

Determine the corresponding malalignment and the possible correlated postures of the thoracic and cervical spine 1. Pigeon chest 2. Protracted scapula 3. Funnel / Sunken chest 4. Cervical spine extension A. Excessive kyphosis B. Pectus Carinatum C. Pectus Excavatum D. Round back E. Both A and D

Answer 42

1. B 2. E 3. C 4. D

Question 43

Determine the corresponding classification of muscles associated in the Upper Crossed Syndrome, Forward Head Posture 1. Upper trapezius & levator scapula 2. Rhomboids 3. Serratus anterior 4. Neck flexors 5. Pectorals A. Hyperactive postural muscles B. Inhibition and reflex weakness

Answer 43

1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A

Question 44

Pelvis assumes higher level as the individual bears weight. Pelvis does not drop or level

Answer 44

Pelvic hitch

Question 45

Occurs when weight bearing on one side and the other is dropped. Manifests with a lateral pelvic tilt on the stance leg.

Answer 45

Trendelenburg's sign