Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro 1 prof mediated > S34 cerebral cortex > Flashcards

S34 cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

SMA syndrome

A

three stages:

global akinesia that was worse contrallaterally, with arrest of speech immediately posteratively

  1. sudden recovery few days later with persistent reduction in contralateral motor activity, emotional facial palsy, and reduction in spontaneous speech
  2. subtle disturbance involving alternating hand movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

primary sensory cortex

A

somatic sensation

hearing

vision

vestibular

gustatory

olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

secondary somatosensory area

A

immediately posterior to the primary sensory cortex

larger receptive fields compared to the primary sensory Cortex

responde to touch, pressure, pain, and limb position from BOTH SIDES OF THE BODY

Somatotopic Organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lesions of the secondary somatosensory area

A

impairment of tactile discrimination, deficits in 2-point discrimination, precise localization, position sense, stereognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

primary and secondary auditory areas

A

receive auditory information from the geniculate nucleus

binaural (but more contralateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pure word deafness

A

bilateral lesions (or unilateral left-side lesions)

disconnects auditory association (respond only to auditory stimuli, retention of auditory info) from wernicke’s area

cannot understand or repeat spoken words, but they respond appropriately to sounds and understand written language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus

A

receives information in a retinotopic pattern representing the contralateral visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurons of LGN form the

A

geniculocalcarine tract (optic radiations)

projecting to Primary visual cortex of the occipital lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the cuneus

A

receives impulses from the Upper quadrant of ipsilateral side of both retinas

corresponds to Lower quadrant of contralateral visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lingual gyrus

A

receives impulses from the lower quadrant of ipsilateral side of both RETINAS

Corresponds to UPPER QUADRANT of CONTRALATERAL Visual Field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cortical blindness

A

pupillary light reflexes remain intact, but no useful vision

results from complete bilateral destruction of striate cortex

Anton’s syndrome:
- patients with cortical blindness who claim that they can see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

visual association areas

A

respond to complex aspects of visual stimuli such as form, motion, color, speed and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Visual association area lesion

A

can result in discrete deficits in naming of visual stimuli affecting some categories but not others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

primary taste area

A

brodmann’s area 43- receives input from ventoposteromedial (VPM) nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

two major heteromodal association

A

temporoparietal areas

prefrontal areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

temporoparietal association area

A

receives input from auditory, somatosensory, visual, and olfactory area

input and output to paralimbic cortex

affected by motivation and reward

heavily connected with the following thalamic nuclei: medial part of the pulvinar nucleus and lateral posterior nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Infarction of internal capsule most frequently results from occlusion of the

A

lenticulostraite branches of the middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infarction of internal capsule most frequently results in

A

contralateral conditions:
tactile hypesthesia
anesthesia
hemiparesis (with the babinski sign)

lower facial weakness

homonymous hemianopia

19
Q

thalamic syndrome (dejerine and roussy) usually caused by

A

occlusion of a posterior thalamoperforating artery

20
Q

thalamic syndrome classic signs

A

contralateral hemiparesis

contralateral hemianesthesia

elevated pain threshold

spontaneous, agonizing, burning pain (hyperpathia)

athetotic posturing of the hand (thalamic hand)

21
Q

left-sided lesions in the temporoparietal association area

A

disorders of language

disturbed spatial integration

wernicke’s aphasia

22
Q

damage of the angular gyrus

A 
Alexia (inability to read)
Anomia (inability to name objects)
Agraphia (inability to write)
Finger Agnosia
Constructional apraxia 
Right-Left confusion
23
Q

alexia

A

inability to read

24
Q

anomia

A

inability to name objects

25
Q

agraphia

A

inability to write

26
Q

gerstmann’s syndrome

A

Alexia
anomia
agraphia
finger angosia

27
Q

temporoparietal association area right-sided lesion

A

disturbances in integration of personal and extra personal space- SENSORY NEGLECT

result in dressing apraxia, constructional apraxia, neglect of left-sided space and lack of insight about these deficits

28
Q

bilateral lesions in the temporoparietal areas

A

visual, spatial, and language defects

29
Q

Bilateral lesions of posterior parietal lobe

A

balint’s syndrome:

inability to gaze towards the peripheral field

difficulty in reaching out and touching objects accurately

inattention to objects in peripheral visual field

30
Q

temporoparietal association area other distrubances

A

mood disturbances;
anger or apathy

related to interruption of connects with the limbic system

31
Q

prefrontal association area

A

respond to multiple sensory inputs
respond to the behavioral importance of the inputs

emotional processing

planning

decision making

32
Q

prefrontal association area unilateral lesions

A

neglect of contralateral side of extra personal space

33
Q

prefrontal association area bilateral lesions

A

complete loss of civility and normal behavior or judgment.

disregard for social graces, concern for others, and cleanliness

34
Q

paralimbic areas

A

Primarily mesocortical areas that essentially form a ring of tissue along the medial edge of the cerebral hemisphere, extending laterally to the insula

Receive information from the heteromodal association areas

Involved in learning & memory, drive & affect, social behavior.

35
Q

visual agnosia

A

failure to recognize objects visually in the absence of a defect in visual acuity or intellectual impairment

in purest form, same objects can be identified by touch or hearing

prosopagnosia (agnosia for familiar faces)

caused by: bilateral lesions of the temporal aspect of visual unimodal association areas (inferior temporal gyrus)

36
Q

tactile agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects by touch when tactile and proprioceptive sensibility remain intact

caused by lesions of supra marginal gyrus

37
Q

auditory agnosia

A

failure of patient with intact hearing to recognize specific sounds including speech, music, or familiar noises.

caused by bilateral lesions of the posterior part of the superior temporal convolution

38
Q

apraxias

A

loss of ability to carry out correctly certain movements

  • in absence of any weakness or other primary deficits

usually results from a disconnection between the planning area and the execution area

39
Q

dsyarthria

A

disturbance in execution of speech

- occurs without a disorder of language

40
Q

aphonia

A

inability to produce sound

41
Q

aphasia

A

disorder of language caused by defect in production or comprehension of vocabulary or syntax

42
Q

broca’s aphasia

A

confluent or motor aphasia

produces slow, broken language

poor sounds and grammar

understands spoken and written word

extremely frustrating

often accompanied by right-sided hemiplegia

43
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

fluent or sensory aphasia

produces spoken language more rapidly than normal but somewhat nonsensical

poor comprehension of spoken and written word

circumlocutions, paraphasia

no associated weakness

44
Q

conduction aphasia

A

damage to pathway between wernicke’s area and brook’s area

  • poor repetition
  • fluent aphasia
  • intact comprehension

neuro 1 prof mediated (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions