S10 Neuro ANS

Question 1

visceral afferents

Answer 1

release transmitters from the tachykinin family

responsible for visceral pain (primarily in SNS pathways)

afferent endings can produce neurotrophic effects and neurogenic inflammation

Question 2

primary baroreceptor and chemoreceptor afferent nerves project to the

Answer 2

solitary nucleus (nucleus tractus solitarius) of the medulla and play a critical role in integrating cardiovascular and respiratory functions.

Question 3

Pons contains

Answer 3

neurons that promote coordination of respiratory activity

contains the micturition center

lower region of pons adjacent to the medulla contributes to integration of cardiovascular function

Question 4

Hypothalamus is the main

Answer 4

integration center of the autonomic nervous system

Question 5

hypothalamus contains

Answer 5

osmoreceptors

core temperature- hypothalamus is the thermostat
eating behavior-hypothalamus contains the feeding and satiety centers

Question 6

Autonomic integration

Answer 6

1. Cerebral cortex and limbic system
2. Hypothalamus

Reticular centers of brainstem

Preganglionics

Postganglionics

Local neurons (e.g. enteric neurons)

Question 7

Parasympathetic division cranial and sacral outflow

Answer 7

Cranial outflow
• CN III, VII, IX, X
• Vagus nerve (CN X) is major preganglionic parasymp supply to thorax & abdomen

Sacral outflow:
• Hindgut, pelvic viscera, and external genitalia

Question 8

cholinergic receptors

Answer 8

Ach is an agonist for both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Question 9

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 9

nicotine is an agonist

located on postganglionic autonomic neurons and neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles

curare is an antagonist

Question 10

Muscarinic receptors

Answer 10

muscarine is an agonist

located at the neuromuscular junctions of cardiac and smooth muscles and glands

atropine is an antagonist

Question 11

Norepinephrine is an

Answer 11

agonist for adrenergic receptors

Question 12

Alpha and/or beta receptors are located on all

Answer 12

post ganglionic neuron targets except sweat glands

Question 13

M2 and M4 are what g receptors

Answer 13

Gi

Question 14

M1, M3, M5

Answer 14

Gq

increase PLCb

Increase Ca2+

increase MAPK

Question 15

M2, M4

Answer 15

Gi
increase AC
increase MAPK
increase GIRK ch.

decrease cAMP

Question 16

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 16

increase CA
increase VDCC
increase PKC

Question 17

nicotinic receptors require

Answer 17

2 molecules of acetylcholine

Question 18

Alpha 1

Answer 18

Gq/11

activates phospholipase C

Question 19

Alpha 2

Answer 19

Gi;Go

inhibits adenylyl cyclase; Ca++, K+ channels

Question 20

Gs

Answer 20

stimulates adenylyl cyclase; Ca++

Question 21

Sympathetic tone

Answer 21

sympathetic nervous systems exerting a continuous level of control

i.e. ateriole diameter is controlled by tonic release of norepinephrine.

Question 22

Autonomic innervation of the lungs

Answer 22

parasympathetic via vagus:
Motor to the smooth muscle of the bronchial tree (bronchoconstrictor).
Inhibitor to the pulmonary vessels (vasodilator).
Secretor to the glands of the bronchial tree (secretomotor).

Sympathetic:
Inhibitors of the bronchial tree (bronchodilator).
Motor to the pulmonary vessels (vasoconstrictor).
Inhibitor to the glands of the bronchial tree.

Question 23

Autonomic innervation of the kidneys

Answer 23

100% sympathetic

The release of norepinephrine from renal postganglionic sympathetic nerves has 3 effects:

1. inc. renin release from juxtaglomerular cells via a β adrenergic mechanism
2. dec sodium excretion (or inc. sodium reabsorption) (α1 adrenergic receptors)
3. Vasoconstriction of renal arteries, which dec. renal blood flow (α1 adrenergic receptors)

Question 24

Miosis

Answer 24

parasympathetics. M3

Question 25

Mydriasis

Answer 25

a1 shorter depth of focus.

sympathetic

Question 26

ANS-related symptoms

Answer 26

orthostatic hypotension
exercise intolerance
sweating abnormalities
digestion difficulties
urinary problems
sexual problems
vision problems