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(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation > S2 L3.3: Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

S2 L3.3: Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

This is a form of heart failure that is dependent on the etiology.

A

Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

This disease of heart muscles that result from a myriad of insults such as: (3)

A

○ Genetic defects
○ Cardiac myocyte injury
○ Infiltration of myocardial tissues

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3
Q

Heart chambers “get huge” or “balloon out”

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

Muscles of the heart/Myocardium become thick; reducing the chamber size of the ventricles

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

Looks normal but the problem is in the function, not its structure

Muscles are stiff, unable to relax, dilate, and contract

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

Common causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Ischemia and HTN

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7
Q

Statement 1: In dilated cardiomypathy, there is enlargement of one or both of the ventricles and systolic dysfunction
Statement 2: Uncommon for chamber enlargement to precede signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

a. TF
Not uncommon

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8
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Common in Africa but also manifests in the developed world

A

b. Peripartum CM

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9
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Patients may develop a DCM with CHF in the face of recurrent or persistent tachycardias

A

c. Tachycardia-induced CM

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10
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

The most common secondary CM
Closely resembles idiopathic DCM

A

d. Alcoholic CM

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11
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Arises as dilated cardiomyopathy with depressed ventricular function not explained by the extent of coronary artery obstructions or ischemic damage

A

e. Ischemic CM

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12
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Arises with left ventricular hypertrophy with features of cardiac failure related to systolic or diastolic dysfunction

A

i. Hypertensive CM

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13
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Most common among middle-aged women (Appears to be related to catecholamine release)

A

a. Takotsubo CM

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14
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Most common association is with atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A

c. Tachycardia-induced CM

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15
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Includes a wide variety of causes, including endocrine abnormalities, glycogen storage disease, deficiencies (such as hypokalemia), and nutritional disorders

A

h. Metabolic CM

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16
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of myocarditis

A

g. Inflammatory CM

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17
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Manifests between the last month of pregnancy and 6 months postpartum
Etiology is unclear

A

b. Peripartum CM

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18
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Linked to ongoing excessive alcohol consumption
Dose-related and responsive to cessation of alcohol exposure

A

d. Alcoholic CM

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19
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Provoked by a stressful or emotional situation
Fully reversible with supportive care in most cases
○ As long as intervened properly
○ Gets better spontaneously

A

a. Takotsubo CM

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20
Q

Specific Dilated CM

a. Takotsubo CM
b. Peripartum CM
c. Tachycardia-induced CM
d. Alcoholic CM
e. Ischemic CM
f. Valvular CM
g. Inflammatory CM
h. Metabolic CM
i. Hypertensive CM

Provoked by a stressful or emotional situation
Fully reversible with supportive care in most cases
○ As long as intervened properly
○ Gets better spontaneously

A

i. Hypertensive CM

21
Q

Includes connective tissue disorders and infiltrative diseases such as sarcoidosis and leukemia

A

General Systemic Disease

22
Q

Includes Duchenne, Becker-type, and myotonic dystrophies

A

Muscular Dystrophies

23
Q

Includes Friedreich ataxia, Noonan syndrome, and lentiginosis

A

Neuromuscular Disorders

24
Q

Includes reactions to alcohol, catecholamines, anthracyclines, irradiation, and others

A

Sensitivity & Toxic Reactions

25
Q

This CM is one of the more common conditions that PTs will encounter and handle since it is more commonly seen in athletes

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

26
Q

Usual cause in athletes who die suddenly on the playground they do not die from a heart failure but typically from ??

A

electrical arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation

27
Q

Hypertrophic CM

Statement 1: Caused by a multitude of mutations in genes encoding proteins of the cardiac sarcomere
Statment 2: May be responsible for heart failure–related disability at virtually any age

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

c. TT

28
Q

T/F: A big percentage goes to HCM for the causes of sudden cardiac death in young competitive athletes

A

True

29
Q

This CM is not really common and occurs with lower frequency in the developed world

A

Restrictive and Infiltrative CM

30
Q

Increase in stiffness of the ventricular walls brought about by inflammation, which causes heart failure because of impaired diastolic filling of the ventricle

A

Restrictive and Infiltrative CM

31
Q

T/F: If the impaired diastolic filling goes to systolic dysfunction, death is imminent

A

True

32
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Amyloidosis

A

Infiltrative

33
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Scleroderma

A

Non-Infiltrative

34
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Familial cardiomyopathy

A

Non-Infiltrative

35
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

A

Non-Infiltrative

36
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Gaucher disease

A

Infiltrative

37
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Fatty infiltration

A

Infiltrative

38
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy

A

Non-Infiltrative

39
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Hurler disease

A

Infiltrative

40
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy

A

Non-Infiltrative

41
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Diabetic cardiomyopathy

A

Non-Infiltrative

42
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-inflitrative or Infiltrative?
Sarcoidosis

A

Infiltrative

43
Q

Name the 3 Storage Diseases

A
  1. Hemochromatosis
  2. Fabry Disease
  3. Glycogen Storage Disease
44
Q

Progressive fibrofatty replacement of the right, and to some degree left, ventricular myocardium

A

Arryhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

45
Q

Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

Statement 1: Right side that gets affected. The RV muscle is replaced with fat; fat is contractile resulting to right ventricular failure
Statement 2: Clinical manifestations usually develop during the first
decade

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

d. FF
1: Fat is not contractile
2: Second Decade

46
Q

Symptomatology

PTs would just identify:

● CHF, left sided
● Fatigue
● Weakness
● Systemic emboli
● Pulmonary emboli

A

Dilated

47
Q

Symptomatology

PTs would just identify:

● Dyspnea
● Fatigue
● Right sided CHF
● Signs and symptoms of systemic disease

A

Restrictive

48
Q

Symptomatology

PTs would just identify:

● Dyspnea
● Angina
● Fatigue
● Syncopex
● palpitations

A

Hypertrophic

(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation (34 decks)

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