S2 L1.4: SAH Pathologic Consequences & Mx Flashcards
Statement 1: Heart disease is the most common cause of death in hypertensive patients
Statement 2: Hypertensive heart disease is the result of structural and functional adaptations
a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF
c. TT
Heart
Condition: Heart muscles get thicker; Interventricular septum and free wall of left ventricle got thicker compared to right ventricle
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Heart
In diastole, heart should be resting, however, heart is still not resting in ___ ___ due to the elevated BP
Diastolic Dysfunction
Brain
Statement 1: In terms of stroke, HtN is the single largest risk factor for the development of stroke
Statement 2: Hypotension is an important factor for brain infarction and hemorrhage
a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF
a. TF
Hypertension is an important factor for brain infarction and hemorrhage
Incidence of stroke rises progressively with increasing BP levels, particularly ___
Systolic blood pressure in individuals >65 years
Brain
Condition:
Manifest with severe headache
Nausea and vomiting (often of a projectile nature)
Encephalopathy
Kidney
Statement 1: Primary renal disease is the most common etiology of secondary hypertension
Statement 2: Conversely, hypertension is a risk factor for renal injury and ESRD
a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF
c. TT
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Condition: Since HtN accelerates atherosclerosis, the blood vessels of LE is not exempted
Atherosclerotic PAD
Classic symptom of PAD
Intermittent claudication
(When you walk in a distance, there is pain distal to obstruction but pain relieves when rest)
Peripheral Arteries
Ankle-Brachial Index score indicative of PAD
<0.90
T/F: Hypertension cannot make a patient blind
False: It can
Hypertensive retinopathy
Sx of Hypertensive retinopathy
○ Burst blood vessels
○ Flame hemorrhage
○ Hard exudates
○ Papilloedema
○ Cotton wool spot
Stages of the Cardiovascular Continuum
- Risk Factors
- Vascular Dysfunction
- Vascular Disease
- Tissue Injury
- Pathological Remodelling
- Target Organ
- End-stage Organ Failure
- Death
Blood pressure reduction of 2 mmHg decreases the risk of cardiovascular events by __
7-10%
10 mmHg decrease in Mean SBP leads to __ reduction in risk of IHD mortality and __ reduction in risk of stroke mortality
- 30%
- 40%
