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(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation > S2 L1.4: SAH Pathologic Consequences & Mx > Flashcards

S2 L1.4: SAH Pathologic Consequences & Mx Flashcards

1
Q

Statement 1: Heart disease is the most common cause of death in hypertensive patients
Statement 2: Hypertensive heart disease is the result of structural and functional adaptations

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

c. TT

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2
Q

Heart

Condition: Heart muscles get thicker; Interventricular septum and free wall of left ventricle got thicker compared to right ventricle

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

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3
Q

Heart

In diastole, heart should be resting, however, heart is still not resting in ___ ___ due to the elevated BP

A

Diastolic Dysfunction

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4
Q

Brain

Statement 1: In terms of stroke, HtN is the single largest risk factor for the development of stroke
Statement 2: Hypotension is an important factor for brain infarction and hemorrhage

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

a. TF
Hypertension is an important factor for brain infarction and hemorrhage

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5
Q

Incidence of stroke rises progressively with increasing BP levels, particularly ___

A

Systolic blood pressure in individuals >65 years

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6
Q

Brain

Condition:
Manifest with severe headache
Nausea and vomiting (often of a projectile nature)

A

Encephalopathy

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7
Q

Kidney

Statement 1: Primary renal disease is the most common etiology of secondary hypertension
Statement 2: Conversely, hypertension is a risk factor for renal injury and ESRD

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

c. TT

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8
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Condition: Since HtN accelerates atherosclerosis, the blood vessels of LE is not exempted

A

Atherosclerotic PAD

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9
Q

Classic symptom of PAD

A

Intermittent claudication
(When you walk in a distance, there is pain distal to obstruction but pain relieves when rest)

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10
Q

Peripheral Arteries

Ankle-Brachial Index score indicative of PAD

A

<0.90

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11
Q

T/F: Hypertension cannot make a patient blind

A

False: It can
Hypertensive retinopathy

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12
Q

Sx of Hypertensive retinopathy

A

○ Burst blood vessels
○ Flame hemorrhage
○ Hard exudates
○ Papilloedema
○ Cotton wool spot

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13
Q

Stages of the Cardiovascular Continuum

A
  1. Risk Factors
  2. Vascular Dysfunction
  3. Vascular Disease
  4. Tissue Injury
  5. Pathological Remodelling
  6. Target Organ
  7. End-stage Organ Failure
  8. Death
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14
Q

Blood pressure reduction of 2 mmHg decreases the risk of cardiovascular events by __

A

7-10%

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15
Q

10 mmHg decrease in Mean SBP leads to __ reduction in risk of IHD mortality and __ reduction in risk of stroke mortality

A
  1. 30%
  2. 40%
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16
Q

a. Beta Blockers
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
e. Alpha Blockers
f. Centrally Acting
g. Diuretics

Would lead to formation of Angiotensin 1 & Angiotensin 2 (Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Perindopril)

A

c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

17
Q

a. Beta Blockers
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
e. Alpha Blockers
f. Centrally Acting
g. Diuretics

Act peripherally on alpha receptors (Prazosin, Doxazosin)

A

e. Alpha Blockers

18
Q

a. Beta Blockers
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
e. Alpha Blockers
f. Centrally Acting
g. Diuretics

Handle excess water & excess sodium (Thiazides, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Furosemide)

A

g. Diuretics

19
Q

a. Beta Blockers
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
e. Alpha Blockers
f. Centrally Acting
g. Diuretics

Block sympathetic nervous system that would elevate the BP in more than one way (Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol, Nebivolol)

A

a. Beta Blockers

20
Q

a. Beta Blockers
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
e. Alpha Blockers
f. Centrally Acting
g. Diuretics

Prevent calcium that would enter the sarcomeres that would promote vasoconstriction (Amlodipine, Felodipine, Diltiazem, Verapamil)

A

b. Calcium Channel Blockers

21
Q

a. Beta Blockers
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
e. Alpha Blockers
f. Centrally Acting
g. Diuretics

Act on the brain to control the BP (Clonidine, Guanethidine, Hydralazine)

A

f. Centrally Acting

22
Q

a. Beta Blockers
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
e. Alpha Blockers
f. Centrally Acting
g. Diuretics

These are the drugs that block receptors for Angiotensin 2 (Losartan, Irbesartan, Telmisartan, Olmesartan, Azilsartan)

A

d. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation (34 decks)

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