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(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation > S2 L1.1: Systemic Arterial Hypertension > Flashcards

S2 L1.1: Systemic Arterial Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Hypertension always refer to high blood
pressure

A

False
Systemic arterial hypertension refers tp high blood pressure, most specifically to the pressure inside the artery.

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2
Q

Systemic Arterial Hypertension is a major risk factor for __ __ __

A

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

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3
Q

Process by which we form and deposit cholesterol plaques in arterial walls

A

Atherosclerosis

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4
Q

To measure the presence of coronary atherosclerosis, MD use methods for detecting coronary calcium because?

A

Atherosclerotic plaques become progressively calcified over time, and coronary calcification in general increases with age.

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5
Q

T/F:Many patients with hypertension are NOT diagnosed

A

True.
A lot of individuals c HTN are asymptomatic (Feel nothing but BP can range from 150-200)

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6
Q

T/F: Decreased BP remains a major contributor of CAD, CHF, CVD and ESRD

A

False
High or increased BP

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7
Q

Process of kidney failure where it ends with dialysis/kidney transplant

A

End Stage Renal Disease

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8
Q

T/F: High BP deccelerates atherogenesis and and increases the risk of cardiovascular events

A

False
High BP accelerated atherogenesis

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9
Q

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Normal DBP, elevated SBP OR Normal SBP, elevated DBP

A

Associated with a lot of cardiovascular events

CVA (strokes, etc.), myocardial infarction, and heart failure/attacks

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10
Q

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Elevated SBP (more elevated than DBP)

A

Develop strokes more than heart attacks

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11
Q

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Elevated DBP

A

Pushes the patient more towards heart attacks or myocardial infarction

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12
Q

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Both elevated SBP & DBP

A

Lead to more CV events

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13
Q

T/F:Hypertension occurs in association (not always alone) with other atherogenic factors including dyslipidema, glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity.

A

False
Glucose Intolerance

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14
Q

Abnormal levels in lipid levels (high bad cholesterol, low good cholesterol, high triglycerides)

A

Dyslipidemia

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15
Q

T/F: Htn and dyslipidemia frequently occur together and in association with resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

A

True

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16
Q

Range from pre-diabetes to diabetes

A

Glucose Intolerance

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17
Q

Atherogenic factor related to glucose intolerance

A

Hyperinsulinemia

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18
Q

T/F: Association of hypertension with other risk factors is additive rather
than multiplicative

A

False.
Multiplicative rather
than additive

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19
Q

Statement 1: CAD is approximately twice as prevalent in hypertensives as in normotensive person of same age
Statement 2: Presence of CAD in patients with SAH would be twice more when you compare them to those whom do not have hypertension

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

c. TT

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20
Q

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Coronary arteriolar hypertrophy

A

Yes.
Hypertrophy of arteriolar vessels of the heart

21
Q

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Accelerated enlargement of epicardial arteries

A

No. (Accelerated Narrowing)

Epicardial arteries become narrow when Htn is present which is accelerated by increasing BP levels

22
Q

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Perivascular fibrosis

A

Yes
Htn promotes inflammation
Fibrosis is the end of inflammation

23
Q

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Increased myocardial vascularity

A

No (Reduced)
Less food/blood circulating in heart d/t Htn

24
Q

This is the major arterial supply of the heart

A

Epicardial Arteries

25
Q

Comprised of left main coronary artery which bifurcates into left anterior descending and left anterior circumflex arteries

A

Left Circulation of Heart

26
Q

Comprised of right coronary artery

A

Right Circulation of Heart

27
Q

T/F: Weaker muscle, less blood supply = lesser risk of CAD d/t Htn

A

False
Greater Risk

28
Q

SBP OR DBP

Pressure measured in brachial artery during systole

A

SBP

29
Q

SBP OR DBP

Ventricular filling and ventricular relaxation

A

DBP

30
Q

SBP OR DBP

Pressure measured in brachial artery during diastole

A

DBP

31
Q

SBP OR DBP

Ventricular emptying and ventricular contraction period

A

SBP

32
Q

SBP OR DBP

The 1st loudest sound when you release the cuff in BP taking is d/t?

A

Ventricular emptying

33
Q

When do you get the DBP when taking someone’s blood pressure?

A

When the Korotkoff sound disappears

34
Q

When taking the patient’s blood pressure, the last heard sound you heard was around 90 mmHg. What is the patient’s estimated BP?

A

It should be 89, 85 or even 80 mmHg

35
Q

Determinants of Arterial Pressure

Product of cardiac output and the peripheral resistance

A

Aterial Pressure

36
Q

Determinants of Arterial Pressure

Product of the stroke volume and heart rate

A

Cardiac Output

37
Q

Determinants of Arterial Pressure

Amount of the blood each time the heart pumps

A

Stroke Volume

38
Q

Statement 1: The less amount of blood that the heart ejects, the higher would be the stroke volume is
Statement 2: Higher heart rate = the BP would also be higher

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

b. FT
The more amount of blood that the heart ejects, the higher would be the stroke volume is

39
Q

If you have more fluid in the blood going into the heart circulation → blood pressure could increase

Which will result to?

A

Hypertension

40
Q

If less fluid/blood (dehydrated) = less venous return → stroke volume would be reduce → cardiac output would also be reduce = arterial pressure would go down

Which leads to?

A

Hypotension

41
Q

If a patient has diarrhea, would you expect BP to go down?

A

Yes
dehydrated or losing a lot of fluids

42
Q

What compensatory mechanism does the body do to compensate for a decrease in stroke volume to maintain a normal cardiac output?

A

Increase the heart rate

43
Q

When the blood vessels constrict to increase the pressure inside, there will be an increase in what?

A

Peripheral Resistance

Arterial pressure could also increase

44
Q

What are the parameters that would affect the compensation of the determinants of arterial pressure?

A
  1. Effort to achieve homeostasis
  2. Happens when the individual has normal physiologic functions
45
Q

“Average” pressure throughout the cardiac cycle against the walls of the proximal systemic arteries (aorta)

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

46
Q

In stroke patients, maintain MAP to preserve __ __

A

Ischemic penumbra

47
Q

PSA-PHA GUIDELINES

Normal BP values

A

<120/80

48
Q

PSA-PHA GUIDELINES

Borderline BP

A

120-138 / 80-89

49
Q

PSA-PHA GUIDELINES

Hypertension

A

≥140/90

(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation (34 decks)

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