S2 L2.1: Coronary Artery Disease and its Epidemiology Flashcards
Narrowing of the coronary arteries, the epicardial arteries in particular
Coronary Artery Disease
T/F: Coronary Artery Disease primarily pertains to small arteries involvement
False. It largely pertain to epicardial arteries but would also involve other small arteries outside the epicardial system.
May sufficiently decrease blood flow to the myocardium and usually caused by artherosclerosis (formation of plaque)
Coronary Artery Disease
T/F: Coronary Artery Disease is Interchangeable with the term ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, CORONARY HEART DISEASE
True
Modified T/F:
Coronary artery disease is one of the biggest problems worldwide
According to the WHO, cardiovascular diseases is the world’s number 3 killer.
TF
According to the World Heart Federation, cardiovascular
disease is the world’s number 1 killer.
Are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, commonly referred to as
heart disease and stroke
Modified T/F:
CAD is the second most common cause of cardiac muscle dysfunction (CMD)
Scar formation and decreased contractility may occur, as well as reduced relaxation
TT
____ million deaths every year from CVD
18.6
___ percent of all global deaths from CVD
33 percent
______ of CVD deaths take place in ow and middle-income countires
> 75%
Give the four (4) global causes of death (both communicable and noncommunicable diseases)
CVD: 18.6 million
Cancer: 10 million
Respiratory diseases: 3.7 million
HIV: 1 million
T/F: Cardiac muscle dysfunction (CMD) from CAD can cause dysfunction of the left or right ventricle or both as a result of injury
True
Give at least five (5) risk factors of CAD
● High Blood Pressure
● High Cholesterol
● Unhealthy Diet
● Diabetes - becoming a huge problem worldwide
● Overweight & Obesity
● Tobacco
● Air Pollution
● Kidney Disease
● Physical Inactivity
● Harmful use of alcohol
World’s leading causes of death (rank the following diseases from top 1 to top 8):
Diarrhoeal diseases
Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Ischemic heart disease
Stroke
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Lower respiratory infecitons
Neonatal conditions
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
- Ischemic heart disease
- Stroke
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Lower respiratory infections
- Neonatal conditions
- Trachea, bronchus ,lung cancers
- Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
8.. Diarrhoeal diseases
NON COMMUNICAL DISEASES (NCDS)
T/F:
1. 7 in very 10 deaths worldwide from often avoidable causes
2. Heart and lung diseases are the BIGGEST KILLERS WORLDWIDE
3. Every 10 seconds someone aged 30 to 70 years dies prematurely from heart and lung diseases, stroke, cancer, and diabetes
- T
- F. Heart and lung, stroke, cancer and diabetes are the
BIGGEST KILLERS WORLDWIDE - Every 2 seconds someone aged 30 to 70 years dies prematurely from heart and lung diseases, stroke,
cancer and diabetes
What are the five (5) main NCD risks?
○ Unhealthy diet
○ Tobacco use
○ Air pollution
○ Harmful use of alcohol - Too much is bad, drink in moderation
○ Physical inactivity
Rank the following causes of death in the Philippines in 2020 (according to Philippine Statistics Authority):
Ischemic heart diseases
Respiratory tuberculosis
Neoplasms (tumors)
Cerebrovascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Diseases of the genitourinary systems
Hypertensive diseases
Other heart diseases
Pneumonia
Chronic lower respiratory infections
- Ischaemic heart diseases
- Neoplasms (tumors)
- Cerebrovascular diseases
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Pneumonia
- Hypertensive diseases
- Other heart diseases
- Chronic lower respiratory infections
- Diseases of the genitourinary systems
- Respiratory tuberculosis
➔ Cardiologists handle 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7
What are the five stages of epidemiologic transition?
- Pestilence and famine
- Receding pandemics
- Degenerative & human-made diseases
- Delayed degenerative diseases
- Inactivity and obesity
What stage of epidemiologic transition is this?
Improvements in nutrition and public
health, leading to decrease in rates of deaths related to malnutrition and infection; precipitous decline in infant and child mortality rates
Receding pandemics
What is the description of pestilence and famine in your own words?
Predominance of malnutrition and infectious diseases as causes of death; high rates of infant and child mortality; low mean life expectancy
What stage of epidemiologic tansition is this?
Increased data and caloric intake and decrease in physical activity, leading to emergence of hypertension and artherosclerosis; with increase in life expectancy, mortality from chronic, noncomminicable doseases exceeds mortality from malnutrition and infectious diseases
Degenerative & human made diseases
What is the description of delayed degenerative disease in your own words?
CVD and cancer the major causes of morbidity and mortality; fewer deaths among those with disease and primary events delayed due to better treatment and prevention efforts; decline of age-adjusted CVD mortality; CVD affecting older and older individuals
What stage of epidemiologic transition is this?
Overweight and obesity increase at alarming rate; diabetes and hypertension increase; leveling off of decline in smoking-rate; physical activity recommendations met by a minority of the population
Inactivity and obesity
Five stages of epidemiologic transition
Match the following items regarding percentage of deaths related to CVD:
1. <10%
2. 35-65%
3. 10-35%
4. Possible reversal of age-adjusted declines in mortality
5. 40-50%
A. Pestilence and famine
B. Receding pandemics
C. Degenerative & human-made diseases
D. Delayed degenerative diseases
E. Inactivity and obesity
- A.
- C.
3.B. - E.
- D.
Match the following items regarding the predominant CVD under each stage of epidemiologic transition:
- Rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathies caused by infection and malnutrition
- CHD and stroke ( ischemic and hemorrhagic)
- Rheumatic valvular disease, hypertension, CHS, and stroke (predominantly hemorrhagic)
- CHS, stroke, and congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease
- CHD, stroke, and congestive heart failure
A. Pestilence and famine
B. Receding pandemics
C. Degenerative & human-made diseases
D. Delayed degenerative diseases
E. Inactivity and obesity
- A.
- C.
- B.
- E.
- D.
Estimated Morbidity Related to Heart Disease (2010 - 2030):
Match the following in relation with year 2010
- 18.1 million
- 11.5 %
- 9.2%
- 13.6%
- 13.1%
- 30.8%
A. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths: annual number of all deaths
B. CVD deaths: percentage of all deaths
C. Coronary heart disease. (CHD) deaths: percentage of all male deaths
D. CHD deaths: percentage of all female deaths
E. Stroke deaths: percentage of all male deaths
F. Stroke deaths: percentage of all female deaths
- A
- F
- E
- D
- C
- B
