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(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation > S1 L2.1: Physical Diagnosis of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

S1 L2.1: Physical Diagnosis of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Complaints as reported by the patient (Subjective)

A

Symptom

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2
Q

Findings by the medical professional (Objective)

A

Sign

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3
Q

Choices:
a Tidal Volume
b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c. Expiratory Reserve Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Residual Volume
f. Total Lung Capacity

Amount of air a person exhale some more maximally at the end of a normal expiration

A

c. Expiratory Reserve Volume

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4
Q

Choices:
a Tidal Volume
b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c. Expiratory Reserve Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Residual Volume
f. Total Lung Capacity

Air that always stays in the lungs at the end of the expiratory reserve volume (residual)

A

e. Residual Volume

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5
Q

Choices:
a Tidal Volume
b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c. Expiratory Reserve Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Residual Volume
f. Total Lung Capacity

Amount of air a person is able to inhale and exhale at rest

A

a Tidal Volume

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6
Q

Choices:
a Tidal Volume
b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c. Expiratory Reserve Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Residual Volume
f. Total Lung Capacity

Amount of air a person can maximally inspire at the end of a normal inspiration

A

b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume

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7
Q

Choices:
a Tidal Volume
b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c. Expiratory Reserve Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Residual Volume
f. Total Lung Capacity

VC + RV

A

f. Total Lung Capacity

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8
Q

Choices:
a Tidal Volume
b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c. Expiratory Reserve Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Residual Volume
f. Total Lung Capacity

IRV+TV+ERV
Amount of air that can come in and could get out of a person’s lungs

A

d. Vital Capacity

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9
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

> 20 cpm
Causes: exercise, infections, acidosis, hypoxemia, heart failure

A

b. Tachypnea

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10
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

Normal, regular and comfortable at a rate of 12-20 cpm (age-dependent)

A

a. Eupnea

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11
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

  • Rapid (tachypnic), deep, labored
  • Can also present with intercostal retractions (from video of pt c diabetic ketoacidosis)
A

h. Kussmaul

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12
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

  • <12 cpm, slow
  • Causes: hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalances (sodium,
    potassium), drugs, obesity
A

c. Bradypnea

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13
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

Increasing difficulty in getting breath out
Causes: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)

A

f. Air Tapping

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14
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

● Frequently interspersed
● Deeper breath
● Can happen in between normal breaths

A

e. Sighing

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15
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

● Significant disorganization w/ irregular & varying depths of respiration
● Indicates poor prognosis
● Occasionally interchanged w/ biot; difference is there is
more irregularity & depth is varying, and has no apnea

A

j. Ataxic

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16
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

● Hyperventilation, deep breathing
● Form of tachypnea
● >20 cpm

A

d. Hyperpnea

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17
Q

Breathing Patterns

a. Eupnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Hyperpnea
e. Sighing
f. Air Tapping
g. Cheynes-Stokes
h. Kussmaul
i. Biot
j. Ataxic

Varying periods of increasing depth interspersed w/ apnea (not breathing)
Apnea in between of increasing depths of breathing
“Parang naghihingalo”

A

g. Cheynes-Stokes

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18
Q

T/F: Babies will be breathing faster than an adult

A

True

Up to 44/min in infants

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19
Q

How does infection increase the respiratory rate?

A

Infection causes faster metabolism → need to burn more/ need energy in the face of infection → so pulmonary system also compensates because body needs more oxygen → thus ↑ respiratory rate

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20
Q

High levels of acid present in the blood

A

Acidosis

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21
Q

How does acidosis affect the respiratory system?

A

Acidosis → produces a lot of carbonic acid (one major form of acid) and if not removed will cause injury to the body

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22
Q

Low levels of O2 in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

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23
Q

How does heart failure affect the respiratory system (inc difficulty in breathing?

A

Left side of the heart fails to pump → damming of blood in left ventricle → damming in left atrium → blood and fluid will go back upstream to pulmonary bed causing it to be flooded → low oxygenation → compromised O2 and CO2 exchange (in the capillary beds) → hypoxemia → difficulty breathing → ↑ respiratory rate

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24
Q

Low levels of thyroid hormones = ?

A

slow metabolism which can also affect breathing pattern

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25
Q

T/F: Drug such as anesthetic drugs/ pain reliever speeds up the heart

A

False

Anesthetic drugs/ pain reliever slow down the heart

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26
Q

T/F: Hyperpnea is deeper than tachypnea

A

True

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27
Q

T/F: Occasional sighing is not normal

A

False

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28
Q

Asthma has a problem in air entry. It also has a problem in expiration of air

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

A

b. FT

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29
Q

T/F: Asthmatic patients have bigger lungs than normal people

A

True

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30
Q

T/F: When Cheynes-Stokes is seen in a patient, it is considered a medical emergency.

A

True

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31
Q

Process of Ketoacidosis

A

D/t too much rigor in the body → poor sourcing of fuel leads to the body sourcing from ketones, with acid becoming a byproduct

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32
Q

T/F: Kussmaul is the breathing patten that is an effort to blow off a lot of acids (CO2) in the body

A

True

33
Q

Influences on the inc of rate and depth of breathing

A
  1. Acidosis
  2. CNS Lesions
  3. Anxiety
  4. ASA (Aspirin) Poisoning
  5. Hypoxemia
  6. Pain
34
Q

Influences on the dec of rate and depth of breathing

A
  1. Alkalosis
  2. CNS Lesions (Cerebrum-volitional breathing)
  3. MG (muscle weakness)
  4. Narcotic Overdose
  5. Obesity
35
Q

Type of Dyspnea that begins or increases when the pt lies down; gets the feeling of being drowned

A

Orthopnea

36
Q

Orthopnea

In upright position, there is less venous return to the heart as compared to a lying position because?

A

Gravity is eliminated thus more blood return to the heart.

37
Q

The blood that cannot be pumped by the system will go where to cause orthopnea?

A

It will just upstream to the pulmonary bed

38
Q

T/F: Orthopnea is a common indicator of congestive heart failure (CHF), mechanical impairment of the diaphragm associated with obesity, or asthma triggered by esophageal reflux.

A

True

39
Q

Paroxysmal Noctural Dyspnea is a sudden onset of shortness of breath after a period of __?

A

Recumbancy

40
Q

T/F: PND happens immediately after assuming
the supine position.

A

False
Happens 3-4 hrs (sometimes 5 hrs) after assuming the recumbent position.

41
Q

SOB that begins or increases when the pt is upright

A

Platypnea

42
Q

What defect occurs whent eh foramen ovale does not close ?

A

Atrial Septal Defect

43
Q

Shunt direction that would cause the SOB in the upright position

A

Right-to-Left

44
Q

SOB that is pronounced on side lying d/t to a unilateral diseased lung

A

Trepopnea

45
Q

Which side does the patient lie when they have a L collapsed lung

A

Sidelying on the L

46
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Infection in the lung parenchyma

A

Pneumonia

47
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Excessive fluid in the pericardial sac

A

Pericardial Tamponade

48
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Hole in air sac; Air stays in the pleural cavity compressing on the lung parenchyma resulting to dyspnea, can lead to death in an instant

A

Pneumothorax

49
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Blood / fluid will get dammed up in the pulmonary bed

A

Pump Failure

50
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Bronchial Constriction

A

Pulmonary Constriction

51
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Difficulty in breathing bc body is not accustomed to high altitudes

A

Peak Seekers

52
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Foreign body lodged/stuck in the airway

A

Peanut

53
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Emotional

A

Psychogenic

54
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

When clot dislodges and obstructs the pulmonary artery or lung parenchyma

A

Pulmonary Embolus

55
Q

10 Ps of Dyspnea of Rapid Onset

Certain poisons can cause dyspnea

A

Poisons

56
Q

Performs an essential protective function for human airways and lungs

A

Cough

57
Q

What occurs when one has no effective cough reflex?

A

At risk for retained airway secretions and aspirated material predisposing to infection, atelectasis, and respiratory compromise

58
Q

A cough is a __ or __ response to an irritant

A

Voluntary or reflexive

59
Q

T/F: Cough can signal right-sided heart failure

A

False (Left side)

60
Q

Type of cough cause is viral upper respiratory infections

A

Acute Cough

61
Q

Type of cough that is seen in postnasal drip, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis

A

Chronic Cough

62
Q

Sequence of Events that occur when coughing

A
  1. Deep inspiration closure of glottis
  2. Contraction of chect and pelvic muscle sudden spasmodic expiration
  3. Closed glottis is forced to open
  4. Coughs out all of the things that have been irritating the airway
  5. Air and secretion are exhaled
63
Q

Substance generally associated w/ cough

A

Sputum

64
Q

T/F: You can expel sputum without coughing

A

False

65
Q

Some Causes of Sputum/Hemoptysis

a. Bacterial Infection
b. Viral Infection
c. Chronic Infectious Disease
d. Carcinoma
e. Infarction
f. Tuberculosus Cavity

Slight, persistent blood streaking

A

d. Carcinoma

66
Q

Some Causes of Sputum/Hemoptysis

a. Bacterial Infection
b. Viral Infection
c. Chronic Infectious Disease
d. Carcinoma
e. Infarction
f. Tuberculosus Cavity

Possible that airways are wounded d/t continuous coughing); no too much hue

A

b. Viral Infection

67
Q

Some Causes of Sputum/Hemoptysis

a. Bacterial Infection
b. Viral Infection
c. Chronic Infectious Disease
d. Carcinoma
e. Infarction
f. Tuberculosus Cavity

Blood clotted;
When large amounts of blood, pt should be brought to the ER already

A

e. Infarction

68
Q

Some Causes of Sputum/Hemoptysis

a. Bacterial Infection
b. Viral Infection
c. Chronic Infectious Disease
d. Carcinoma
e. Infarction
f. Tuberculosus Cavity

Large amounts (copious) of blood

A

f. Tuberculosus Cavity

69
Q

Some Causes of Sputum/Hemoptysis

a. Bacterial Infection
b. Viral Infection
c. Chronic Infectious Disease
d. Carcinoma
e. Infarction
f. Tuberculosus Cavity

Yellow, green, rust (blood mixed w/ yellow sputum), clear, or transparent; purulent (pus); blood streaked; mucoid (thick), viscid (thicker)

A

a. Bacterial Infection

70
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

Intestinal obstruction, diverticulum (feces reroutes towards mouth)

A

e. Foul & Feculant

71
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

Uremia (acute/chronic renal failure, too much toxic in blood, urea nitrogen, creatinine in the blood)

A

b. Fishy and Stale

72
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

PTB (pulmonary tuberculosis)

A

h. Cinnamon

73
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

Fetor hepaticus: hepatic failure, portal vein thrombosis, portocaval shunts

A

d. Musty Fish & Clover

74
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

Tonsillitis, gingivitis, respiratory infections, vincent angina, gastroesophageal reflux, PUD (peptic ulcer disease, H. Pylori

A

g. Halitosis

75
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

Diabetic ketoacidosis (c loss of sensorium; loss of consciousness/ consciousness is waning); starvation ketosis

A

a. Sweet and Fruity

76
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

Nasal/sinus pathology: infection, foreign body (common in pedia), cancer; respiratory infections: emphysema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis

A

f. Foul & Putrid

77
Q

Breath: Clues Behind the Smell

a. Sweet and Fruity
b. Fishy and Stale
c. Ammonia-like
d. Musty Fish & Clover
e. Foul & Feculant
f. Foul & Putrid
g. Halitosis
h. Cinnamon

Uremia

A

c. Ammonia-like

78
Q

Most blood-tinged sputum and small-volume hemoptysis are due to?

A

Viral Bronchitis

(3) Cardio-Pulmo-Renal Rehabilitation (34 decks)

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