Russification Flashcards
What is Russification?
Forcing everyone within the Russian empire to think of themselves as Russian, by enforcing the language and culture.
Who comprised 2/3 of the population?
Slavs
What is Anti-Semitic?
Being prejudiced against and persecuting Jews.
What is Chauvinism?
Exaggerated belief in national superiority and glory
What is a Pogrom?
Russian word meaning ‘rounding up’ or ‘lynching’. After 1881 it was associated with the attack on Jews
What was Alexander II more concerned with?
Control rather than matters of racial superiority.
What broke out in 1863?
Polish rebellion
How did Alexander II deal with the 1863 rebellion?
Sending his brother to deal with the rebels.
How many Poles joined an underground National Government for Poland?
200,000
When was the National Polish Government crushed?
1864
What did Alexander II use to keep control?
concessions
What 2 examples are there of Alexander II using concessions to keep control?
- Using decrees in 1864 and 1875 to allow Latvians and Estonians to convert back to Lutheranism
- Allowed Finns to have their own diet (parliament)
At the end of his reign, what did Alexander II prohibit?
The use of the Ukrainian language in publications or performances in 1876
Which of Alexander III’s ministers especially engaged in a policy of ‘cultural russification’?
Pobedonostev
What was the official decree of Pobedonostev?
Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationality
Where was the destruction of non-Russian national cultures particularly marked?
Poland and Finland
When was the diet in Finland reorganised and why?
1892 in order to weaken its political influence
What examples were there of Russification in Finland? (3)
- The Russian language was increasingly demanded
- The independent postal service was abolished
- Russian coinage replaced local currency
When was the Polish National Bank closed?
1885
What examples were there of Russification in Poland? (3)
- In schools and universities all subjects except Polish and religion had to be in Russian
- Polish literature had to be studied in Russian translation
- The administration of Poland was changed to curb independence
Between what dates were there measures to enforce Russian in Baltic Germany?
1885 and 1889
In Baltic Germany, where was Russian enforced (4)
- State offices
- Schools
- Police force
- Judicial system
What other provinces was Russification extended to? (3)
Belorussia, Georgia, Ukraine
From 1883 what were members of non-Orthodox Churches not allowed to do?
- Build new places of worship
- Wear religious dress
- Spread religious propaganda
