Emancipation of the serfs: the emancipation edict 1861 Flashcards
When was emancipation proclaimed?
1861
Who did it initially apply to?
privately owned serfs
When did state serfs receive their freedom?
1866
What were serfs now able to do? (5)
- marry who they want
- own property
- set up businesses
- travel
- enjoy civil rights
What were landlords granted as compensation?
Government bonds
What did serfs have to pay and for how long
- Redemption payments
- 49 years
What were mirs responsible for? (3)
- distributing allotments
- controlling farming
- collecting taxes
What was the two-year period called?
temporary obligation
What was temporary obligation for?
Allocations were worked out
What were landowners allowed to keep? (4)
- meadows
- pastures
- woodlands
- personal land
What was given to mirs?
open fields
What are volosts?
A peasant community consisting of several villages
Why were volosts established?
Established to supervise mirs
What did volosts run from 1863?
their own courts
What did volost courts replace?
former landowner jurisdiction
Why did kulaks buy extra land?
so they could produce surplus grain
What other things did kulaks do? (2)
- sold up their allocations
- obtained passports to leave the mir
How did some kulaks raise their living standards?
Finding work in the industrialising cities
How did some landowners benefit from the emancipation? (2)
- Used the compensation to get out of debt
- Made profits through investment in industry
