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Running Flashcards

1
Q

running produces forces ___x BW

A

2

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2
Q

running is high _________ and high ________

A

impact and exposure

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3
Q

4 factors leading to running injury

A
  1. high forces
  2. increased exposures
  3. muscle fatigue
  4. faulty mechanics
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4
Q

8 phases of running gait

A
  1. IC
  2. absorption
  3. midstance
  4. propulsion
  5. toe off
  6. initial swing
  7. midswing
  8. terminal swing
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5
Q

running stance:swing

A

35:65

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6
Q

stance/swing ratio is dependent on ______

A

speed

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7
Q

running toe off occurs _______ 50% gait cycle

A

before; two periods of double float

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8
Q

walking toe-off occurs ______ 50% gait cycle

A

after

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9
Q

does walking or running have a higher cycle time?

A

walking

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10
Q

3 joint kinematic changes in running vs walking

A
  1. lower COM
  2. increased ant trunk lean
  3. increased joint excursion
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11
Q

when does max hip extension occur in walking/running?

A

walking: terminal stance
running: early swing

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12
Q

in running, there is increased stance phase ________

A

DF

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13
Q

80% of recreational runners are ____ strikers

A

RF

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14
Q

2 increased internal moments during loading response

A

hip abductor

knee extensor

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15
Q

when are there increased plantarflexor moments seen?

A

stance

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16
Q

power absorption vs generation in reference to muscles

A 
absorption = eccentric
generation = concentric
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17
Q

absorption is followed by a period of ______ which gives runner energy for ____________

A

generation

forward propulsion

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18
Q

when are muscles most active in running?

A

prior to and following IC

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19
Q

top 5 running overuse injuries

A
  1. patellofemoral pain syndrome
  2. ITB syndrome
  3. plantar fasciopathy
  4. medial tib stress syndrome
  5. tibial stress fractures
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20
Q

where do PFPS pts feel pain?

A

around or behind patella

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21
Q

what aggravates PFPS?

A

WB activity that loads PFJ on a flexed knee

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22
Q

4 factors of PFPS kinematics

A
  1. increased hip add
  2. increased hip IR
  3. excessive knee valgus
  4. excessive eversion
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23
Q

anything that causes _______ will increase Q angle

A

lateral rotation of tibia

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24
Q

in pts with PFPS, there is seen to be strength deficits in these three areas

A
  1. abductors
  2. ERs
  3. hip extensors
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25
PFPS: ______ and ______ glut med activation time
delayed | shorter
26
most effective stretching technique for PFPS
PNF
27
PFPS programs most effective with ________ and _______ over those with only __________
hip ER/ab knee extensor
28
are surgical treatments effective for PFPS?
no
29
leading cause of lateral knee pain
ITBS
30
4 anthropometric ITBS contributions
1. higher weekly mileage 2. slower training pace 3. female gender 4. short stature
31
explain compression vs friction theories of ITBS
friction: increased knee flexion --> increased time spent with knee in "impingement zone" compression: combined hip add and knee IR
32
landmark that rubs against ITBS
lateral femoral condyle
33
prospective ITBS pts have increased _____ and ______ in stance
hip adduction and knee IR
34
two weaknesses that can lead to ITBS
hip abd/ER
35
best treatment for ITBS
hip abductor strengthening
36
main symptom of plantar fasciopathy
pain at inside of heel
37
most cases of plantar F resolve within
6-18 mo
38
5 anthropometric characteristics of plantar F
1. older age 2. longer time running 3. higher weekly mileage 4. higher weight 5. sudden increase in intensity/freq/duration of running
39
5 factors of plantar F
1. altered ankle ROM 2. pes cavus 3. pes planus 4. inc magnitude of impact 5. inc loading rate
40
3 main treatments for plantar F
1. manual therapy 2. stretching 3. taping/orthoses/night splints
41
aka shin splints
medial tibial stress syndrome
42
where does MTSS pain present?
along posteromedial tib
43
people with MTSS will have tenderness when you palpate these three muscles
1. post tib 2. FDL 3. soleus
44
2 possible etiologies of MTSS
1. muscle tension | 2. bony overload (tib bending)
45
risk factors for MTSS
1. higher BMI 2. dec ankle PF ROM 3. dec hip ER 4. navicular drop
46
increased pronation --> _____________ --> _____________
increased tib rotation | higher strains on tibia
47
most promising MTSS intervention
extra-corporal shockwave therapy
48
MTSS: little evidence to support _______________ interventions
stretching/strengthening
49
most common stress fracture in runners
tibial stress fractures
50
5 risk factors for TSF
1. female gender 2. BMI <21 3. previous stress fx 4. inc vertical loading rate and peak tibial shock 5. altered movement patterns
51
in TSF, ____________ are related to bony fatigue
higher loading rates
52
3 techniques to absorb impact w/o using saggital plane leading to TSF
1. inc peak rearfoot eversion 2. inc knee stiffness 3. inc hip add
53
2 interventions for TSF
1. activity restriction | 2. gait retraining to reduce loading
54
cue to give pt with TSF during gait retraining
"run quieter"
55
2 temporospatial measures that can be altered to reduce loading for TSF pts
stride length | cadence
56
4 things to look for when IDing running injury
1. inc hip add and/or IR 2. excessive pronation or rate of pronation 3. impact (vertical COM displacement) 4. stride length/cadence
57
in runners, we want to look at strength in a ______ aspect
unilateral
58
reasonable mileage increase/week
10%
59
4 flexibility components of exam for runners
1. thomas 2. hamstring 90/90 and SLR 3. ober 4. gastroc
60
3 structure components of examination for runners
1. q angle 2. craig's test 3. WB and NWB foot alignment
61
5 dynamic assessment (function) components of examination for runners
1. trendelenberg 2. 12" forward stepup w reverse lower 3. single limb squat 4. 8" forward step down 5. shoe wear
62
FPPA
frontal plane projection angle
63
what makes up FPPA?
ASIS - mid patella | mid patella - middle of malleoli
64
two things that higher negative values of FPPA are associated with
1. inc hip add and knee ER | 2. inc contralateral pelvic drop and pelvic rotation
65
where could we use FPPA?
in runners with ITBS or PFPS
66
4 components of systematic approach to gait analysis
1. all segments 2. all joints 3. all views 4. all phases of gait
67
4 types of instrumented gait analysis
1. quantified kinematics 2. quantified kinetics 3. GRFs 4. joint loading
68
What does craigs test check for?
Femoral anteversion

Kines (13 decks)

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