Running Flashcards
running produces forces ___x BW
2
running is high _________ and high ________
impact and exposure
4 factors leading to running injury
- high forces
- increased exposures
- muscle fatigue
- faulty mechanics
8 phases of running gait
- IC
- absorption
- midstance
- propulsion
- toe off
- initial swing
- midswing
- terminal swing
running stance:swing
35:65
stance/swing ratio is dependent on ______
speed
running toe off occurs _______ 50% gait cycle
before; two periods of double float
walking toe-off occurs ______ 50% gait cycle
after
does walking or running have a higher cycle time?
walking
3 joint kinematic changes in running vs walking
- lower COM
- increased ant trunk lean
- increased joint excursion
when does max hip extension occur in walking/running?
walking: terminal stance
running: early swing
in running, there is increased stance phase ________
DF
80% of recreational runners are ____ strikers
RF
2 increased internal moments during loading response
hip abductor
knee extensor
when are there increased plantarflexor moments seen?
stance
power absorption vs generation in reference to muscles
absorption = eccentric generation = concentric
absorption is followed by a period of ______ which gives runner energy for ____________
generation
forward propulsion
when are muscles most active in running?
prior to and following IC
top 5 running overuse injuries
- patellofemoral pain syndrome
- ITB syndrome
- plantar fasciopathy
- medial tib stress syndrome
- tibial stress fractures
where do PFPS pts feel pain?
around or behind patella
what aggravates PFPS?
WB activity that loads PFJ on a flexed knee
4 factors of PFPS kinematics
- increased hip add
- increased hip IR
- excessive knee valgus
- excessive eversion
anything that causes _______ will increase Q angle
lateral rotation of tibia
in pts with PFPS, there is seen to be strength deficits in these three areas
- abductors
- ERs
- hip extensors
PFPS:
______ and ______ glut med activation time
delayed
shorter
most effective stretching technique for PFPS
PNF
PFPS programs most effective with ________ and _______ over those with only __________
hip ER/ab
knee extensor
are surgical treatments effective for PFPS?
no
leading cause of lateral knee pain
ITBS
4 anthropometric ITBS contributions
- higher weekly mileage
- slower training pace
- female gender
- short stature
explain compression vs friction theories of ITBS
friction: increased knee flexion –> increased time spent with knee in “impingement zone”
compression: combined hip add and knee IR
landmark that rubs against ITBS
lateral femoral condyle
prospective ITBS pts have increased _____ and ______ in stance
hip adduction and knee IR
two weaknesses that can lead to ITBS
hip abd/ER
best treatment for ITBS
hip abductor strengthening
main symptom of plantar fasciopathy
pain at inside of heel
most cases of plantar F resolve within
6-18 mo
5 anthropometric characteristics of plantar F
- older age
- longer time running
- higher weekly mileage
- higher weight
- sudden increase in intensity/freq/duration of running
5 factors of plantar F
- altered ankle ROM
- pes cavus
- pes planus
- inc magnitude of impact
- inc loading rate
3 main treatments for plantar F
- manual therapy
- stretching
- taping/orthoses/night splints
aka shin splints
medial tibial stress syndrome
where does MTSS pain present?
along posteromedial tib
people with MTSS will have tenderness when you palpate these three muscles
- post tib
- FDL
- soleus
2 possible etiologies of MTSS
- muscle tension
2. bony overload (tib bending)
risk factors for MTSS
- higher BMI
- dec ankle PF ROM
- dec hip ER
- navicular drop
increased pronation –> _____________ –> _____________
increased tib rotation
higher strains on tibia
most promising MTSS intervention
extra-corporal shockwave therapy
MTSS: little evidence to support _______________ interventions
stretching/strengthening
most common stress fracture in runners
tibial stress fractures
5 risk factors for TSF
- female gender
- BMI <21
- previous stress fx
- inc vertical loading rate and peak tibial shock
- altered movement patterns
in TSF, ____________ are related to bony fatigue
higher loading rates
3 techniques to absorb impact w/o using saggital plane leading to TSF
- inc peak rearfoot eversion
- inc knee stiffness
- inc hip add
2 interventions for TSF
- activity restriction
2. gait retraining to reduce loading
cue to give pt with TSF during gait retraining
“run quieter”
2 temporospatial measures that can be altered to reduce loading for TSF pts
stride length
cadence
4 things to look for when IDing running injury
- inc hip add and/or IR
- excessive pronation or rate of pronation
- impact (vertical COM displacement)
- stride length/cadence
in runners, we want to look at strength in a ______ aspect
unilateral
reasonable mileage increase/week
10%
4 flexibility components of exam for runners
- thomas
- hamstring 90/90 and SLR
- ober
- gastroc
3 structure components of examination for runners
- q angle
- craig’s test
- WB and NWB foot alignment
5 dynamic assessment (function) components of examination for runners
- trendelenberg
- 12” forward stepup w reverse lower
- single limb squat
- 8” forward step down
- shoe wear
FPPA
frontal plane projection angle
what makes up FPPA?
ASIS - mid patella
mid patella - middle of malleoli
two things that higher negative values of FPPA are associated with
- inc hip add and knee ER
2. inc contralateral pelvic drop and pelvic rotation
where could we use FPPA?
in runners with ITBS or PFPS
4 components of systematic approach to gait analysis
- all segments
- all joints
- all views
- all phases of gait
4 types of instrumented gait analysis
- quantified kinematics
- quantified kinetics
- GRFs
- joint loading
What does craigs test check for?
Femoral anteversion
