Running

Question 1

Factors of running injuries

Answer 1

Health
Systemic
Training
Physiologic
Lifestyle

Question 2

Health factors

Answer 2

previous injury
medical conditions

Question 3

Lifestyle factors

Answer 3

nutrition
sleep
physical activity

Question 4

Physiologic factors

Answer 4

biomechanics
muscle strength
motor control
ROM

Question 5

Training factors

Answer 5

mileage
pace
shoes
surface

Question 6

systemic factors

Answer 6

age
sex
anthropometrics/proportions of body

Question 7

Running Gait Cycle

Answer 7

Stance –> Absorption, Propulsion
Swing –>Initial Swing, Terminal Swing
Double float

Question 8

% of running gait makeup

Answer 8

20% double float (2 periods of 10%)
40% stance time
40% swing time

Question 9

Ankle trends sagittal

Answer 9

DF through mid-stance, then PF through toe-off

Question 10

Knee trends sagittal

Answer 10

flexion through midstance, then extension through toe-off

flexes until mid-swing

Question 11

Hip trends sagittal

Answer 11

slight flexion or no change through loading response, then extension through toe-off

thigh position may suggest greater hip extension

Question 12

Ankle trends frontal

Answer 12

eversion in first half, inversion second half of stance phase

Question 13

Knee trends frontal

Answer 13

can be some varus or valgus, patient specific

Question 14

Hip trends frontal

Answer 14

usually adduction through midstance, then abduction through toe-off

Question 15

Glute max

Answer 15

decelerates hip flexion and initiates hip extension
mostly active at beginning of cycle, begins to activate again after first double float

Question 16

Glute med

Answer 16

controls hip adduction
mainly active during stance phase

Question 17

Illiopsoas

Answer 17

hip flexion during initial swing
mainly active during double float

Question 18

Adductor magnus

Answer 18

assists hip extension
mainly during first 20%

Question 19

Adductor longus

Answer 19

assists hip flexion
double float is most active

Question 20

Quadriceps

Answer 20

stability, eccentric flexion control during early stance
mainly active at the beginning of the cycle

Question 21

Hamstrings

Answer 21

contribute to hip extension in early to midstance
flex knee, then decelerate knee extension during swing
mainly active at end of cycle

Question 22

Plantar flexors

Answer 22

control dorsiflexion, aid in propulsion
active at beginning at cycle

Question 23

Vertical ground reaction force parts

Answer 23

slope of line = vertical loading rate
impact peak = when foot hits ground
active peak = during the cycle

Question 24

shortly after impact, during the first half of the stance phase of running, the ankle usually performs these two motions in the sagittal and frontal planes

Answer 24

dorsiflexion
eversion

Question 25

What are the reasons why the knee flexes through midswing?

Answer 25

To help clear the swing limb
To change the moment of inertia of the leg
To allow the leg to swing forward more efficiently

Question 26

This muscle needs to contract before initial contact in order to stabilize the limb and prevent excessive hip adduction.

Answer 26

glute med

Question 27

T/F The largest value in the vertical ground reaction force curve is always the active peak.

Answer 27

false

Question 28

The rate at which a runner applies force to the ground during running is called the:

Answer 28

loading rate

Question 29

T/F The lack of an impact peak and lower loading rate indicates that forefoot striking significantly reduces the rate of running-related injuries

Answer 29

False

Question 30

T/F Higher posterior braking forces have been associated with injury in female runners

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Which vGRF parameter may be related in injury risk in runners?

Answer 31

loading rate

Question 32

Forefoot striking

Answer 32

lower loading rate
no impact peak

does not mean that individuals experience less injuries
the force of impact just occurs later during forefoot striking, hidden within the active force

Question 33

Evidence for/against forefoot

Answer 33

no evidence it reduces running injury rates
it may decrease the risk of sustaining certain injuries (knee pain), but can increase other risk of injuries (calf/achilles)

Question 34

Posterior force

Answer 34

braking force through first half of stance phase

only kinetic variable that was identified as predictor of RRI in female runners

Question 35

Anterior force

Answer 35

propulsive force during second half of stance phase