Running Flashcards
Factors of running injuries
Health
Systemic
Training
Physiologic
Lifestyle
Health factors
previous injury
medical conditions
Lifestyle factors
nutrition
sleep
physical activity
Physiologic factors
biomechanics
muscle strength
motor control
ROM
Training factors
mileage
pace
shoes
surface
systemic factors
age
sex
anthropometrics/proportions of body
Running Gait Cycle
Stance –> Absorption, Propulsion
Swing –>Initial Swing, Terminal Swing
Double float
% of running gait makeup
20% double float (2 periods of 10%)
40% stance time
40% swing time
Ankle trends sagittal
DF through mid-stance, then PF through toe-off
Knee trends sagittal
flexion through midstance, then extension through toe-off
flexes until mid-swing
Hip trends sagittal
slight flexion or no change through loading response, then extension through toe-off
thigh position may suggest greater hip extension
Ankle trends frontal
eversion in first half, inversion second half of stance phase
Knee trends frontal
can be some varus or valgus, patient specific
Hip trends frontal
usually adduction through midstance, then abduction through toe-off
Glute max
decelerates hip flexion and initiates hip extension
mostly active at beginning of cycle, begins to activate again after first double float
Glute med
controls hip adduction
mainly active during stance phase
Illiopsoas
hip flexion during initial swing
mainly active during double float
Adductor magnus
assists hip extension
mainly during first 20%
Adductor longus
assists hip flexion
double float is most active
Quadriceps
stability, eccentric flexion control during early stance
mainly active at the beginning of the cycle
Hamstrings
contribute to hip extension in early to midstance
flex knee, then decelerate knee extension during swing
mainly active at end of cycle
Plantar flexors
control dorsiflexion, aid in propulsion
active at beginning at cycle
Vertical ground reaction force parts
slope of line = vertical loading rate
impact peak = when foot hits ground
active peak = during the cycle
shortly after impact, during the first half of the stance phase of running, the ankle usually performs these two motions in the sagittal and frontal planes
dorsiflexion
eversion
What are the reasons why the knee flexes through midswing?
To help clear the swing limb
To change the moment of inertia of the leg
To allow the leg to swing forward more efficiently
This muscle needs to contract before initial contact in order to stabilize the limb and prevent excessive hip adduction.
glute med
T/F The largest value in the vertical ground reaction force curve is always the active peak.
false
The rate at which a runner applies force to the ground during running is called the:
loading rate
T/F The lack of an impact peak and lower loading rate indicates that forefoot striking significantly reduces the rate of running-related injuries
False
T/F Higher posterior braking forces have been associated with injury in female runners
true
Which vGRF parameter may be related in injury risk in runners?
loading rate
Forefoot striking
lower loading rate
no impact peak
does not mean that individuals experience less injuries
the force of impact just occurs later during forefoot striking, hidden within the active force
Evidence for/against forefoot
no evidence it reduces running injury rates
it may decrease the risk of sustaining certain injuries (knee pain), but can increase other risk of injuries (calf/achilles)
Posterior force
braking force through first half of stance phase
only kinetic variable that was identified as predictor of RRI in female runners
Anterior force
propulsive force during second half of stance phase
