Gait Compensations Flashcards
Trunk Compensations
Forward Lean
Backward lean
Lateral Lean
Pelvis Compensations
Pelvic Drop
Pelvic (Hip) Hike
Hip Compensations
Limited Extension of Hip
Hip circumduction
Knee Compensations
Excessive Flexion of Knee
Inadequate Flexion of Knee
Excessive valgus/varus of knee
Ankle/Foot Compensations
Foot Slap
Forefoot contact
Foot flat contact
Early heel off
Contralateral Vaulting
Foot Slap
lack of dorsiflexor strength
weak tib anterior or dorsiflexors (mild)
occurs during loading response
ankle/foot compensation
Foot flat contact
initial contact is on more of the foot vs heel. moderate dorsiflexion weakness
occurs during loading response
Ankle/Foot Compensation
Forefoot contact
contacting w/forefoot first
severe dorsiflexion weakness
occurs during loading response
Ankle/Foot Compensation
Contralateral Vaulting
Ankle/Foot Compensation
swing limb clearance issue
any issue on contralateral limb that limits hip flexion, knee flexion, or ankle dorsiflexion during swing
occurs during swing phase
Early heel off
limited dorsiflexion, lack of ROM
Ankle/Foot Compensation
Excessive Flexion of Knee
can occur throughout the gait cycle, weak knee extensors, short hamstring length, compensation due to lack of hip extension
occurs during all phases
Knee Compensation
Inadequate Flexion of Knee
mainly in swing phase, can also have a hip hike to compensate. Weak flexors or pain is caused when flexing the knee
occurs during PSw, ISw, MSw
Knee Compensation
Excessive valgus/varus of knee
Structural issue, stability, motor control, or injury to MCL/LCL.
occurs during stance phase
Knee Compensations
Limited Extension of Hip
tight flexors or weak extensors. Lack of activation or force production
occurs during MSt, TSt, PSw
Hip Compensations
Hip circumduction
limb clearance issue
any condition that limits flexion through swing phase
occurs from pre-swing through swing phases
Hip Compensation
Pelvic (Hip) Hike
to help with limb clearance
any issue that limits flexion through hip, knee, dorsiflexion of ankle
goes from pre-swing through swing phases
Pelvis Compensation
Pelvic Drop
Weak hip abductors could cause trunk shifting, knee valgus
occurs during LR, MSt
Pelvis Compensation
Backward lean
glute max/hip extensor weakness, bad posture, possible pelvic tilt
occurs during all phases of stance
Trunk Compensations
Forward Lean
tight hip flexors or weak hip extensors
all phases of stance
Trunk Compensations
Lateral Lean
swing limb clearance issues
glute med weakness or weak hip abductors
occurs during all phases of stance
Trunk Compensations
T/F Posteriorly tilting the pelvis during gait will increase the hip extension angle during terminal stance.
True
The minimum height of the COM during gait occurs during
The midpoint of double limb support
The maximum height of the COM during gait occurs during
The midpoint of single limb support
T/F Shifting trunk position to be further over the stance limb decreases the force the hip abductors need to produce in order to maintain a relatively level pelvis during gait.
True
