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3 Biomechanics > Gait Compensations > Flashcards

Gait Compensations Flashcards

1
Q

Trunk Compensations

A

Forward Lean
Backward lean
Lateral Lean

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2
Q

Pelvis Compensations

A

Pelvic Drop
Pelvic (Hip) Hike

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3
Q

Hip Compensations

A

Limited Extension of Hip
Hip circumduction

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4
Q

Knee Compensations

A

Excessive Flexion of Knee
Inadequate Flexion of Knee
Excessive valgus/varus of knee

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5
Q

Ankle/Foot Compensations

A

Foot Slap
Forefoot contact
Foot flat contact
Early heel off
Contralateral Vaulting

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6
Q

Foot Slap

A

lack of dorsiflexor strength
weak tib anterior or dorsiflexors (mild)
occurs during loading response

ankle/foot compensation

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7
Q

Foot flat contact

A

initial contact is on more of the foot vs heel. moderate dorsiflexion weakness
occurs during loading response

Ankle/Foot Compensation

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8
Q

Forefoot contact

A

contacting w/forefoot first
severe dorsiflexion weakness
occurs during loading response

Ankle/Foot Compensation

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9
Q

Contralateral Vaulting

A

Ankle/Foot Compensation
swing limb clearance issue

any issue on contralateral limb that limits hip flexion, knee flexion, or ankle dorsiflexion during swing
occurs during swing phase

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10
Q

Early heel off

A

limited dorsiflexion, lack of ROM
Ankle/Foot Compensation

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11
Q

Excessive Flexion of Knee

A

can occur throughout the gait cycle, weak knee extensors, short hamstring length, compensation due to lack of hip extension

occurs during all phases
Knee Compensation

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12
Q

Inadequate Flexion of Knee

A

mainly in swing phase, can also have a hip hike to compensate. Weak flexors or pain is caused when flexing the knee

occurs during PSw, ISw, MSw
Knee Compensation

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13
Q

Excessive valgus/varus of knee

A

Structural issue, stability, motor control, or injury to MCL/LCL.

occurs during stance phase
Knee Compensations

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14
Q

Limited Extension of Hip

A

tight flexors or weak extensors. Lack of activation or force production

occurs during MSt, TSt, PSw
Hip Compensations

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15
Q

Hip circumduction

A

limb clearance issue
any condition that limits flexion through swing phase

occurs from pre-swing through swing phases
Hip Compensation

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16
Q

Pelvic (Hip) Hike

A

to help with limb clearance
any issue that limits flexion through hip, knee, dorsiflexion of ankle

goes from pre-swing through swing phases
Pelvis Compensation

17
Q

Pelvic Drop

A

Weak hip abductors could cause trunk shifting, knee valgus

occurs during LR, MSt
Pelvis Compensation

18
Q

Backward lean

A

glute max/hip extensor weakness, bad posture, possible pelvic tilt

occurs during all phases of stance
Trunk Compensations

19
Q

Forward Lean

A

tight hip flexors or weak hip extensors

all phases of stance
Trunk Compensations

20
Q

Lateral Lean

A

swing limb clearance issues
glute med weakness or weak hip abductors

occurs during all phases of stance
Trunk Compensations

21
Q

T/F Posteriorly tilting the pelvis during gait will increase the hip extension angle during terminal stance.

A

True

22
Q

The minimum height of the COM during gait occurs during

A

The midpoint of double limb support

23
Q

The maximum height of the COM during gait occurs during

A

The midpoint of single limb support

24
Q

T/F Shifting trunk position to be further over the stance limb decreases the force the hip abductors need to produce in order to maintain a relatively level pelvis during gait.

A

True

25
Q

T/F For the right limb, maximum lateral COM position occurs at initial contact of the right limb during gait

A

False

26
Q

Foot slap is most likely associated with

A

Dorsiflexion weakness

27
Q

Early Heel of is most likely associated with

A

Dorsiflexion ROM restriction

28
Q

Hip Circumduction is most likely associated with

A

Difficulty with contralateral limb clearance during swing phase

29
Q

Limited Hip Extension is most likely associated with

A

Hip extension ROM restriction

30
Q

Lateral Trunk Lean is most likely associated with

A

Hip abductor weakness

3 Biomechanics (9 decks)

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