Gait Analysis

Question 1

Descriptive analysis gait mechanics

Answer 1

What is happening during gait?

Question 2

Diagnostic analysis gait mechanics

Answer 2

Why is it happening?

Question 3

Prognostic analysis of gait mechanics

Answer 3

What will likely happen?

Question 4

Prescriptive analysis of gait mechancis

Answer 4

what do we about what is happening?

Question 5

Why is timing of muscle activity important during gait?

Answer 5

coordination
balance/falls
efficiency/energy conservation

Question 6

Concentric muscles during gait

Answer 6

accelerate a segment

Question 7

Eccentric muscles during gait

Answer 7

slow down/decelerate a segment

Question 8

Isometric muscles during gait

Answer 8

stabilize segments

Question 9

Stance phase trends

Answer 9

hip stabilization during loading response and midstance

Question 10

Swing phase trends

Answer 10

hip flexors active during swing phase

Question 11

Loading response stance phase trends

Answer 11

hip extensors and dorsiflexors active

Question 12

Mid and Terminal stance general trends

Answer 12

plantarflexors active

Question 13

Swing phase general trends

Answer 13

initial swing = dorsiflexors
terminal swing = hamstrings and quads

Question 14

Erect Spinae

Answer 14

controls forward momentum of trunk on hips at initial contact

Question 15

rectus abdominus

Answer 15

coincides with active hip flexors, anchors pelvis and spine

Question 16

Hip extensors

Answer 16

active during weight acceptance and initiates hip extension (helping start swing phase)

Question 17

Hip flexors

Answer 17

eccentrically control late stance and initiates hip flexion during swing

Question 18

Hip abductors

Answer 18

active just before initial contact to stabilize frontal plane, highest activity in single limb stance

Question 19

Hip Adductors/IR

Answer 19

stabilizers at initial contact and toe off

Question 20

Knee extensors

Answer 20

eccentric control of knee flexion through first 10% of gait cycle

Question 21

Knee flexors

Answer 21

eccentric deceleration before initial contact for hip extension and knee stability

Question 22

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 22

decelerates at initial contact, dorsiflexes in swing to clear foot

Question 23

Plantarflexors

Answer 23

eccentric control tibial translation in stance, PF propulsion before toe off

Question 24

Tibialis Posterior

Answer 24

decelerates pronation after heel strike, supinates from midstance to toe off

Question 25

Biomechanical Subcomponents of Gait

Answer 25

Propulsion Limb Swing Stance Control Postural Stability

Question 26

Propulsion

Answer 26

forward progression redirect falling center of mass to kinetic energy

Question 27

Limb Swing

Answer 27

positive step length moves in pendular fashion opposite of COM, uses gravity and hip flexor activity to advance limb

Question 28

Stance control

Answer 28

preventing trunk hip and knee collapse (sagittal plane) to maintain postural stability, the swinging limb must accept weight upon contact, and continue to support the passenger unit

Question 29

Postural Stability

Answer 29

lateral stability (frontal plane) lateral movement of COM typically minimal, perturbations may result in loss of balance

Question 30

Metabolic Cost of each biomechanical subcomponents of gait

Answer 30

Propulsion (50-75%) Stance Control (25%) Limb Swing, Postural Stability (5-10%)

Question 31

Rancho Gait Pros

Answer 31

corrects micro gait mechanics, useful for normal kinematics

Question 32

Rancho Gait Cons

Answer 32

may miss out on important info for return to function

Question 33

Subcomponents of Gait Pros

Answer 33

framework/guide for HIGT, considers metabolic cost, focusing attention on gait deficits that are most important, best RTF for neuro

Question 34

Subcomponents of Gait Cons

Answer 34

may deemphasize underlying deficits

Question 35

Symmetry

Answer 35

perfect agreement of external kinetics and kinematics of movement

Question 36

Speed

Answer 36

rate of change or velocity of segment or body displacement from start to finish of a task

Question 37

Amplitude

Answer 37

the extent or range of movement used to complete a task (ROM, step length, stride length, distance)

Question 38

Alignment

Answer 38

Biomechanical relationship of body segments to one another as well as to the base of support and environment in order to achieve the task at hand (orientation of body segments with respect to other limb segments)

Question 39

Vertical Postural Control

Answer 39

ability to orient the body in relation to the line of gravity

Question 40

Stability Postural Control

Answer 40

ability to control the body's center of mass in relation to the base of support under static and dynamic conditions

Question 41

Smoothness

Answer 41

movement is perceived to be smooth when it happens in a continual fashion without any interruptions in velocity or trajectory

Question 42

Sequencing

Answer 42

specific order of motor output required to achieve the intended goal of the action joint coordination

Question 43

Timing

Answer 43

overall temporal structure of movement which includes the relative percentage of time devoted to movement segments, including initiation, execution, and termination

Question 44

Accuracy

Answer 44

closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value, freedom from error spatial or variable errors