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3 Biomechanics > Gait Analysis > Flashcards

Gait Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Descriptive analysis gait mechanics

A

What is happening during gait?

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2
Q

Diagnostic analysis gait mechanics

A

Why is it happening?

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3
Q

Prognostic analysis of gait mechanics

A

What will likely happen?

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4
Q

Prescriptive analysis of gait mechancis

A

what do we about what is happening?

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5
Q

Why is timing of muscle activity important during gait?

A

coordination
balance/falls
efficiency/energy conservation

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6
Q

Concentric muscles during gait

A

accelerate a segment

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7
Q

Eccentric muscles during gait

A

slow down/decelerate a segment

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8
Q

Isometric muscles during gait

A

stabilize segments

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9
Q

Stance phase trends

A

hip stabilization during loading response and midstance

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10
Q

Swing phase trends

A

hip flexors active during swing phase

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11
Q

Loading response stance phase trends

A

hip extensors and dorsiflexors active

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12
Q

Mid and Terminal stance general trends

A

plantarflexors active

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13
Q

Swing phase general trends

A

initial swing = dorsiflexors
terminal swing = hamstrings and quads

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14
Q

Erect Spinae

A

controls forward momentum of trunk on hips at initial contact

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15
Q

rectus abdominus

A

coincides with active hip flexors, anchors pelvis and spine

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16
Q

Hip extensors

A

active during weight acceptance and initiates hip extension (helping start swing phase)

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17
Q

Hip flexors

A

eccentrically control late stance and initiates hip flexion during swing

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18
Q

Hip abductors

A

active just before initial contact to stabilize frontal plane, highest activity in single limb stance

19
Q

Hip Adductors/IR

A

stabilizers at initial contact and toe off

20
Q

Knee extensors

A

eccentric control of knee flexion through first 10% of gait cycle

21
Q

Knee flexors

A

eccentric deceleration before initial contact for hip extension and knee stability

22
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

decelerates at initial contact, dorsiflexes in swing to clear foot

23
Q

Plantarflexors

A

eccentric control tibial translation in stance, PF propulsion before toe off

24
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

decelerates pronation after heel strike, supinates from midstance to toe off

25
Q

Biomechanical Subcomponents of Gait

A

Propulsion
Limb Swing
Stance Control
Postural Stability

26
Q

Propulsion

A

forward progression
redirect falling center of mass to kinetic energy

27
Q

Limb Swing

A

positive step length
moves in pendular fashion opposite of COM, uses gravity and hip flexor activity to advance limb

28
Q

Stance control

A

preventing trunk hip and knee collapse (sagittal plane)

to maintain postural stability, the swinging limb must accept weight upon contact, and continue to support the passenger unit

29
Q

Postural Stability

A

lateral stability (frontal plane)

lateral movement of COM typically minimal, perturbations may result in loss of balance

30
Q

Metabolic Cost of each biomechanical subcomponents of gait

A

Propulsion (50-75%)
Stance Control (25%)
Limb Swing, Postural Stability (5-10%)

31
Q

Rancho Gait Pros

A

corrects micro gait mechanics, useful for normal kinematics

32
Q

Rancho Gait Cons

A

may miss out on important info for return to function

33
Q

Subcomponents of Gait Pros

A

framework/guide for HIGT, considers metabolic cost, focusing attention on gait deficits that are most important, best RTF for neuro

34
Q

Subcomponents of Gait Cons

A

may deemphasize underlying deficits

35
Q

Symmetry

A

perfect agreement of external kinetics and kinematics of movement

36
Q

Speed

A

rate of change or velocity of segment or body displacement from start to finish of a task

37
Q

Amplitude

A

the extent or range of movement used to complete a task (ROM, step length, stride length, distance)

38
Q

Alignment

A

Biomechanical relationship of body segments to one another as well as to the base of support and environment in order to achieve the task at hand

(orientation of body segments with respect to other limb segments)

39
Q

Vertical Postural Control

A

ability to orient the body in relation to the line of gravity

40
Q

Stability Postural Control

A

ability to control the body’s center of mass in relation to the base of support under static and dynamic conditions

41
Q

Smoothness

A

movement is perceived to be smooth when it happens in a continual fashion without any interruptions in velocity or trajectory

42
Q

Sequencing

A

specific order of motor output required to achieve the intended goal of the action

joint coordination

43
Q

Timing

A

overall temporal structure of movement which includes the relative percentage of time devoted to movement segments, including initiation, execution, and termination

44
Q

Accuracy

A

closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value, freedom from error

spatial or variable errors

3 Biomechanics (9 decks)

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