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3 Biomechanics > Gait Intro > Flashcards

Gait Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Side to Side COM Oscillations

A

-Max position of COM to either side occurs at midpoint of stance phase
-about 4cm
-increases as width of BOS increases

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2
Q

Vertical COM Oscillations

A

-goes from up and down during gait
-minimum height of COM occurs at midpoint of double limb
-maximum height of COM occurs at midpoint of single-limb
about 5 cm of displacements

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3
Q

Stride is also known

A

1 gait cycle

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4
Q

1 gait cycle is equivalent to…

A

heel strike of 1 foot to heel strike of same foot

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5
Q

Stance Phase Components

A

Initial Contact
Loading Response
Midstance
Terminal Stance
Pre-Swing

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6
Q

Swing Phase Components

A

Initial Swing
Mid-Swing
Terminal Swing

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7
Q

When is the leg in single support?

A

occurs 80% of the gait cycle

  1. Stance Phase
    a. Midstance
    b. Terminal Stance
  2. Swing Phase
    a. Initial Swing
    b. Mid-Swing
    c. Terminal Swing
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8
Q

When is the leg in double limb support?

A

occurs 20% of the gait cycle

  1. Stance Phase
    a. Initial Contact
    b. Loading Response
    c. Pre-Swing
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9
Q

Initial Contact

A

event, not a phase, that defines the beginning of gait cycle

stance phase, double limb support

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10
Q

Loading Response

A

begins with initial contact and ends with contralateral toe off, when the opposite extremity leaves the ground

stance phase, double limb support

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11
Q

Midstance

A

begins with contralateral toe off and ends with the center of gravity is directly over the reference foot

stance phase, single support

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12
Q

Terminal Stance

A

begins when the center of gravity is over the supporting foot and ends when the contralateral foot contacts the ground. during terminal stance, the heel rises from the ground

stance phase, single limb support

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13
Q

Pre-Swing

A

begins at contralateral initial contact and ends at toe off, at around 60% of the gait cycle

stance phase
double limb support

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14
Q

Initial Swing

A

begins at toe off and continues until maximum knee flexion occurs

swing phase, single support

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15
Q

Mid-Swing

A

period from maximum knee flexion until the tibia is vertical or perpendicular to the ground

swing phase, single support

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16
Q

Terminal Swing

A

begins where the tibia is vertical and ends at initial contact

Swing phase, single leg support

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17
Q

Step Length

A

heel strike on 1 side to heel strike on opposite side

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18
Q

Stride length

A

equivalent to right step + left step (1 gait cycle)
stride starts and ends with the same foot

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19
Q

Step Width

A

lateral distance between heel centers of two successive foot contacts

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20
Q

Foot Angle

A

also known as foot progression
amount of toe-out or toe-in relative direction of movement

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21
Q

Cadence

A

number of steps per minute
known as step rate

22
Q

Stride Time

A

time for the full gait cycle

23
Q

Walking Speed

A

distance covered/unit time

24
Q

Base of support

A

area beneath person that includes every point of contact that the person makes with the supporting surface

25
Q

Changes to base of support

A

wider steps = unstable gait
Smaller steps = instability

26
Q

When your center of mass exceeds your BOS…

A

you become unstable and are increased risk of falling

27
Q

Parts of Kinematic Graphs

A

1.Angle at Initial Contact
2.Peak Angle
3.Angle at Toe-Off
4.Angular Excursion

27
Q

Angle at initial contact

A

ALWAYS first point on graph

28
Q

Peak Angle

A

most extreme point of graph (both positive and negative)

29
Q

Angle at Toe-Off

A

last data point or last point @ 60% when the graph is the full gait cycle

30
Q

Angular Excursion

A

Total ROM the joint moves in a specific direction

31
Q

Sagittal Plane Ankle, Phases of Stance

A

IC: 0-5 of PF
Early LR: slight PF
LR/Mid: DF of 10
Terminal: PF 15-20

32
Q

Heel Rocker

A

initial contact until foot is flat
heel is rocking the most

33
Q

Ankle rocker

A

loading response/mid-stance
ankle is rocking the most

34
Q

Forefoot rocker

A

terminal stance/toe off
forefoot rotating the most

35
Q

Stance Phase Knee Kinematics

A

IC = 5 flex
LR: flexes before extending
Mid: extends until heel-off
Terminal: flexed through swing
Toe: knee flexed to 30

36
Q

Sagittal Pelvis Kinematics

A

-Pelvis will alternate between post and ant tilt
-IC = neutral
-LR = posterior tilt
-Mid = anterior tilt
-Terminal = posterior tilt

amount of tilt increases with speed of ambulation

37
Q

Stance Phase Kinematics, Hip

A

IC = 30 flexion
Later LR/Mid/Terminal = 10 extension
Late terminal = hip flexes
Toe off = neutral

38
Q

Frontal Plane Pelvis

A

IC = pelvis at neutral
LR = pelvic drop
Mid = pelvic rise

39
Q

Measuring the distance a patient covers during one gait cycle would be the same as measuring ______ length.

A

stride

40
Q

This sub-phase occurs during the second period of double support

A

Pre-swing

41
Q

The stance limb is generally flat on the ground during this entire sub-phase

A

Midstance

42
Q

This sub-phase occurs during the first period of double support

A

Loading Response

43
Q

The heel begins to rise off the ground during this sub-phase

A

Terminal Stance

44
Q

Generally considered an event and not a sub-phase; begins the gait cycle

A

Initial Contact

45
Q

During gait, heel strike of the right foot until heel strike of the left foot is called a

A

left step

46
Q

T/F: Step width is measured as the shortest diagnonal distance between heel centers of two successive foot contacts.

A

False

47
Q

What would likely not contribute to a dorsiflexion (i.e. ankle rocker) restriction during walking?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

48
Q

Which “rocker” at the ankle joint generally occurs during the loading response only - not during any other stance sub-phase?

A

Heel rocker

49
Q

Peak knee flexion during the gait cycle occurs at the end of

A

Initial swing

50
Q

For a patient who has limited hip extension during gait, the most likely compensation at the trunk and pelvis would be

A

Increased anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis during hip extension

51
Q

Ankle eversion is best measured from which view during a 2D video gait analysis?

A

Posterior view

3 Biomechanics (9 decks)

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