Ruminants Motility

Question 1

Rumen

Answer 1

Largest compartment
Left hand side of the abdominal wall
Has trillions of villi
Has cd. cr. ventral and dorsal sacs

Question 2

Which compartments are on the right side of the abdominal wall?

Answer 2

Omasum and reticulum

Question 3

Which compartment sits ventral?

Answer 3

Absomasum

Question 4

Abomasum

Answer 4

“True” glandular compartment
Left and right displacement disorder

Question 5

Mycrobial digestion

Answer 5

Used by other parts of the stomach (non-glandular)

Question 6

What is the function of the rumen?

Answer 6

Increase surface area and facilitate microbial digestion

Question 7

What is the function of the reticulum?

Answer 7

Entraps all large objects due to honey comb structures

Question 8

What is the function of the omasum?

Answer 8

Entraps volatile fatty acids and bicarbonate from the rumen due to its leaf like structure

Question 9

What is sieving based off of in rumanints?

Answer 9

Chemicals instead of size

Question 10

What happens if the omasum doesn’t do its function?

Answer 10

The pH will neutralize (increase) from normal pH of 2.3 and no protein digestion

Question 11

What is the function of abomasum?

Answer 11

Enzymatic digestion

Question 12

What separates the sacs of the rumen?

Answer 12

Pillars

Question 13

Pillars of the rumen

Answer 13

Stretch receptors (distention)
Chemorecptors (senses the chemical contents of rumen)

Question 14

What do the stretch receptors of the pillars do?

Answer 14

Increase motility or decrease motility (if severe)

Question 15

What do the chemoreceptors of the pillars do?

Answer 15

Decrease pH and motility
Increase absorption of VFA

Question 16

What is the food path of the ruminant?

Answer 16

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Rumen
4. Reticulum
5. Mouth (rumination)
6. Omasum
7. Abomasum

Question 16

What are the two cycles of stomach motility?

Answer 16

1. Rumen –> reticulum
2. Omasum –> abomasum

Question 17

What makes up the rumen-reticulum cycle?

Answer 17

1. Primary (mixing)
2. Secondary (eructation)

Question 18

What does the primary part of the rumen-reticulum cycle do?

Answer 18

Separate ingesta by size (zones)

Question 19

What does the secondary part of the rumen-reticulum cycle do?

Answer 19

Forces CO2 and CH4 to enter the esophagus
Liquids moves down
Separates ingesta by gravity and contraction
1-3 min

Question 20

What are the primary contractions of the rumen-reticulum cycle?

Answer 20

1. Reticular contraction
2. caudal contraction of the dorsal sac
3. Caudal contraction of the ventral sac

Question 21

What are the secondary contractions of the rumen-reticulum cycle?

Answer 21

1. cranial contraction of the dorsal sac
2. cranial contraction of the ventral sac

Question 22

How are ruminal zones separated?

Answer 22

By particle size
1. Zone of potential escape- liquid (then to the rest of the tract)
2. Slurry zone- large particles (back to mouth for remastication)

Question 23

Ruminal zones separated by specific gravity

Answer 23

1. gas
2. solid
3. ejection
4. liquid

Question 24

Secondary (eructation) contraction

Answer 24

1. Cr. contraction of the dorsal sac
2. Vt. relaxtion of the vt. sac
3. Dorsal elevation of the cranial pillar
4. Cardia relaxes
5. Inspiratory excrusion (lung expansion)
6. Closed Glottis
7. Retro- peristalsis (vomiting)
8. Slurry zone enters esophagus

Question 25

What food will increase motility?

Answer 25

Roughage

Question 26

What food will inhibit motility?

Answer 26

Grains