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Veterinary Physiology > GI Motility > Flashcards

GI Motility Flashcards

1
Q

What is the contractile unit of the gut?

A

Smooth muscles cells except in the pharynx, upper esophagus and sphincter (skeletal)

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2
Q

What are the special structures on the cell membrane

A

Nexuses

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3
Q

Nexuses

A

Allows different ions to move freely between smooth muscle cells
Have multiple exits
Similar to the GJs

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4
Q

What are the two contractions of the smooth muscles of the gut?

A

Tonic and Phasic

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5
Q

What are the requirements for contraction?

A

Action potential (enteric nerve)
Phase 3 (plateau phase) - ICC

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6
Q

Phasic contractions

A

Takes seconds
Esophagus, small intestine and gastric antrum

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7
Q

Tonic contractions

A

Minutes to hours
Lower esophagus, cardia, internal anal sphincter

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8
Q

What are the phases of GI motility?

A

Oral (mechanical)
Esophageal
Gastric
Intestinal

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9
Q

What are the 2 stages of the oral phase?

A

Oral Stage: mastication, chewing, mandibular, trigeminal
Pharyngeal Stage: Swallowing, vagus, glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

Mastication/ chewing of the oral stage

A

Mechanical digestion (reducing size, increase surface area)
Lubrication by saliva
Enzymatic digestion
Mixing

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11
Q

Pharyngeal state of the oral phase

A

Swallowing - inhibits respiratory center
Pure motility- no digestion

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12
Q

Failure of the oral phase

A

Cerebrovascular injury (stroke)

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13
Q

Esophageal phase

A

20-60 mm, well organized
Relaxation of the stomach
Pure motility- no digestion

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14
Q

Esophageal phase contractions

A

No slow waves (myogenic, no ICC)
Contractions are controlled through vagus nerve

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15
Q

Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

A

When there’s no regular contraction so the stomach and esophagus aren’t relaxed
Acid reflux all the time
Treated with myotomy

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16
Q

What are the 2 contractions of the stomach?

A

Reservoir (storage)
Antral pump (moving)

17
Q

What does gastric emptying entail (relaxation)?

A

Controlled by the size of particle after digestion
Protective mechanism
15 min- 8 hrs
Complete emptying 8-12 hrs
ENS hormonal control

18
Q

Reservoir contractions

A

Tonic, continuous

19
Q

Antral pump contractions

A

Phasic, single contraction

20
Q

Sieving effect in the normal stomach

A

Movement of particles 1-3 mm from the stomach to the duodenum
Liquid > isotonic > hypocarolic (3 diff nutrients)
Protein > carbs > fat (how fast they pass)

21
Q

What is sieving based on?

A

Size, calorie content and digestibility

22
Q

Vomiting

A
  1. Metabolic Acidosis- loss of sodium bicarbonate
  2. Metabolic Alkalosis- severe vomiting, loss of gastric acid
23
Q

What are the gastric disorders related to rate of gastric emptying?

A
  1. slowing- gastric ulcer, vagal injury, infection, hypothyroidism
  2. Acceleration- duodenal ulcer
24
Q

What are the states of the gut?

A

Interdigestive state- MMC, motilin, no food
Digestive state- No MMC or motilin, food

25
Q

Digestive state

A

3 motility patterns replace the MMC
Mixing, segmentation and short-distant peristalsis

26
Q

What are the 3 motility patterns of the interdigestive state?

A

Migrating motor complex
Segmentation
Power propulsion (strong in large intestine)
(Enteric and extrinsic)

27
Q

Large intestinal disorders

A

IBD/ diverticula- diarrhea/ constipation
Hirschsprung’s disease (congenital, lack ENS)
Megacolon (no ENS)

28
Q

Dumping syndrome

A

Complication following Roux-en-Y and VSG medical treatment

29
Q

Large Intestin Motility

A

Similar to the small intestine
Different intensity (more)
Anatomical consideration: taeniae, haustra

30
Q

Hirschsprung disease symptoms

A

Swelling around belly
Vomiting (greenish-brown)
Constipation
Flatulence
Diarrhea
Failure to gain weight
Sever fatigue

Veterinary Physiology (20 decks)

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