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Veterinary Physiology > Protein andAmino Acid Metabolism > Flashcards

Protein andAmino Acid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the building block of proteins?

A

Amino acids (20 grouped together by peptide linkages

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2
Q

What is the structure of amino acids?

A

Amino (NH2)
Carboxylic (COOH)
Variable side chain (R) group attached to a central a-carbon

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3
Q

How is an amino acid classified

A

By the chain (R) group

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4
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Needed in the diet because the body cannot produce
Without them the body cannot make protein

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5
Q

_______ bond forms between any carboxyl and amine groups

A

Amide

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6
Q

What are the 3 primary sources of protein in the body?

A

Tissue proteins
Exogenous dietary proteins
Endogenous proteins from sloughed cells or in exocrine secretions

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7
Q

What are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for pyruvate?

A

Alanine
Cysteine
Glycine
Serine
Threonine
Tryptophan

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8
Q

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for Acetyl CoA?

A

Isoleucine
Leucine
Tryptophan

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9
Q

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for acetoacetyl CoA?

A

Leucine
Lysine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

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10
Q

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for alpha ketoglutarate?

A

Arginine
Glutamate
Glutamine
Histadine
Proline

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11
Q

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for succinyl CoA?

A

Isoleacine
Methionine
Threonine
Valine

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12
Q

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for Fumarate?

A

Aspartate
Phenoylalanine
Tyrosine

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13
Q

hat are the amino acids involved in the TCA cycle for oxaloacetate?

A

Asparagine
Aspartate

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14
Q

How much animo acids are stored?

A

35-65 mg/dl

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15
Q

______ and ______ are rarely absorbed

A

Polypeptides
proteins

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16
Q

When are amino acids in the blood absorbed?

A

Within 5-10 minutes by cells throughout the body

17
Q

How are amino acids transported?

A

Through membrane only by active transport or facilitated diffusion using a carrier mechanism

18
Q

What are the major types of proteins?

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

19
Q

Where do plasma proteins form?

A

In the liver

20
Q

Flux of amino acids after high-protein meal

A

Glutamate, aspartate and some BCAAs fuel the gut
60-70% of AA present in portal vein is taken by the liver
Conversion to glucose in the glucneogenic pathway

21
Q

What stimulated glucagon and insulin release?

A

High protein diet

22
Q

What does glucagon stimulate in the liver?

A

Gluconeogenesis

23
Q

What does insulin stimulate?

A

Protein synthesis in the skeletal muscles

Veterinary Physiology (20 decks)

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