Ruminant Nutrition (Exam 2) Flashcards
45-60% of total cost of producing milk or beef is represented by _____ costs.
feed
Optimal nutrition leads to what 2 things in ruminants?
- better product quality
- healthier animal
What can nutrition predict about animals?
performance
What are the products of microbial fermentation?
volatile fatty acids
What percent of ruminant energy are made up of VFAs?
80%
3 main types of VFAs
- acetic acid
- propionic acid
- butyric acid
Give the percentage of the total volatile fatty acids that each type makes up:
- Acetic Acid
- Propionic Acid
- Butyric Acid
- 55-90%
- 10-45%
- 12-18%
Acetic Acid is used to build _____ in ruminants.
fat
Propionic Acid is used to build ______ in ruminants.
glucose
Butyric Acid is important for _______ and for _____ development in the rumen.
ketones
papillae
What are 3 management practices that affect ruminant nutrition?
- lying space
- bunk space
- available feed
Why is bunk space important in ruminants?
leads to less competition between young & old cows
Crude protein is found in ruminant diets and composed of ______ and _____.
protein + non-protein nitrogen (NPN)
Fat in a ruminants diet can be fed as ______ such as in grains and oil seed, or in _______ which are in forages.
triglycerides
glycolipids/phospholipids
Are proteins fully degraded by the rumen? Fats?
a fraction of protein intake is degraded, a fraction is not
In ruminant diets, fats that are (degradable/undegradable) by the rumen are preferable.
undegradable
What 3 problems can occur with an excess of degradable fats in the rumen?
- decreased fiber digestion
- decreased milk fat
- decreased income