Rule Britannia! English Empire 1660-1763 Flashcards
Outline the English Civil War 1642-1649
- Charles I has Catholic wife
- Puritans have strong voice in parliament (opposed marriage and catholic ties)
- Parliament contests his edicts (Charles suspends Parliament/ruled without one for 11 years)
- King and Royalists against Oliver Cromwell and Parliamentary forces
- Parliament charges Charles I with treason and behead him (monarchy dissolved)
- Oliver Cromwell headed new English common wealth
English Interregnum
Time between kings (Cromwell’s and his son RIchard’s rule)
Charless II policies
Expanding overseas possession
What was the causes of the Restoration
- Cromwell took on an almost military dictatorship like role
- Son Richard took over after his death and lacked political skills
- Ppl feared a military hereditary dictatorship and asked for Charles II to restore the monarchy
What were some of the consequences of the Restoration
- Slavery Codified in North Carolina
What were the restoration colonies
- The Carolinas
- New Jersey
- New York
- Pennsylvania
The Yamasee War (1715-1718
an effort by a coalition of local tribes to drive away European invaders in the Carolinas
How did Pennsylvania’s Quaker beginnings distinguish it from other colonies in British America?
- Freedom of religious expression
- No war with natives (everyone equals)
- Rejected slavery and attempted abolition
How did England benefit from Salutary Neglect
only they could benefit from the ships built in the colonies
Causes of there Glorious Revolution
- King James II modeled his rule after his cousin Lousi XIV ( centralizing English political strength around throne/absolute power)
- Threat of Catholic Centralized State
- Dominion of New England
- Standing army and navy in peace
- Opposition to James (Whigs)
Glorious Revolution
- James fled to the court of Louis XIV in France. William III (William of Orange) and his wife Mary II ascended to the throne in 1689
Explain the outcomes of the Glorious Revolution
- Bostonians overtire the Dominion of New England and jailed Sir Edmund Andros as well as other leaders of the regime
- Constitutional Monarchy
- English Bill of Rights
John Locke and Two Treaties of Government
- govt was a form of contract between leaders and the ppl
- Representative govt existed to protect “life, liberty, and property:
- Rejected divine right off kings
- advocated for the central role of parliament with a limited monarchy
English Toleration Act of 1689
- allowed for greater religious diversity in the empire
- Granted tolerance to nonconformist Trinitarian Protestants/ Baptists
- Did not extend to Catholics
- Extended to the colonies
Analyze the role of slavery played in the history and economy of the British Empire
- Gave whites a shared racial bond
2. Strengthen African community (shared traditions/traumas)
Stono Rebellion (S. Carolina 1739)
- Jemmy (literate slave) led large group of slaves in an armed insurrection
- killing several whites before stopped by militia
- Remaining slaves executed or sold to West Indies
- Common background made (Catholic Kongo)it easy to unite slaves
Negro Act of 1740
- In response to Stono Rebellion
2. Prohibited Slaves from learning to write, travel freely, assemble, and grown their own food
New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741
- Tensions grew in NYC in the after math of the Stone Rebellion
- 13 fire broke out in the city (burned down fort George)
- Rumors that fires part of massive slave revolt
- British authors interrogated 200 slaves and accused them of conspiracy
- 200 ppl arrested and put on quick trials
- Government executed 17 New Yorkers (13 black and 4 whites)
Explain the effects of the 1739 Stono Rebellion and the 1741 New York Conspiracy Trials
- Panic among whites spurred greater violence and repression against slaves
- Furthered white dominance and power over the enslaved
Describe the consumer revolution
- Reliance on indentured servitude and slavery gave rise to wealthy colonial class (gentry)
- Purchases and consumption of display goods
- Increased supply of consumer goods from England
- Printed materials more widely available
Who was George Whitefield
Foremost evangelical of the Great Awakening
What was the Great Awakening
- A shift to participatory religions (actively accepting god)
- Protestant Revivalism
What were some of the results of the Great Awaking
- Schism between those who followed evangelical message (New Lights) and those who didn’t (old lights)
- Rise of new Protestant denominations
The Enlightenment
- Age of reason
- Intellectual and cultural movement in the 18th century
- Emphasized reason over superstition (science of faith)
- Turning point in Western Civilixation
Who were some of the Enlightenment’s thinkers
- John Locke
- Isaac Newton
- Voltaire
- Ben Franklin
Rationalism
Humans are capable of using their facilities of reason to gain knowledge
Empiricism
- Knowledge comes from experience and observation
Progressivism
Through reason and observation humans can make unlimited progress over time
Cosmopolitanism
How enlightenment thinker viewed themselves as citizens of the world who actively engaged in it as opposed to being provincial and close-minded
Deism
- Enlightenment-era belief in a God who created, but has no continuing involvement in, the world and the events within it
- Personal morality leading to good works and actions is more important than strict church doctrines
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
- France v. Britain over land in Western Pa.
2. British win gaining control in the colonies and Europe
Effects of the French and Indian War
- Colonial pride in Britain
- British control
- British debt
Proprietary Colonies
colonies granted by the King to a trusted individual, family, or group
Salutary Neglect
the laxness with which the English crown enforced the Navigation Acts in the 18th century
