Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790-1820

Question 1

What was the aim of Hamiltons Policies

Answer 1

1. Promote economic growth
2. Strengthen the new nations finances
3. Give financial intreats such as Eastern merchants a stake in the new govt

Question 2

What was Hamilton’s Proposal?

Answer 2

1. Establish a national bank
2. Adopt a proactive tariff to raise revenue
3. Fund a national debt
4. Assume state debts incurred during the war
5. Tax distilled liquor to raise revenue
6. Expand domestic manufacturing
7. Subsidize domestic manufacture (rejected by Congress)

Question 3

What was Hamilton’s side of the conflict between him and Jefferson

Answer 3

1. Hamilton favored a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution
2. Used implied powers of the “necessary and proper” clause to justify his proposals
3. Believed that the Constitution does not forbid, but permit

Question 4

What was Jefferson’s side between him and Hamilton

Answer 4

1. Favored strict construction

2. Constitution does no permit, it forbids

Question 5

What were the warnings of Washington’s farewell address

Answer 5

1. Dangers of foreign entanglements

2. political parties

Question 6

Citizens Genêt Affair

Answer 6

Controversy over the French Representative who tried to involve the US in France’s war against Great Britain

Question 7

Democratic-Republicans

Answer 7

advocates of limited govt who were troubled by the expansive domestic policies of Washington’s administration and opposed the Federalists

Question 8

Impressment

Answer 8

the practice of capturing sailors and forcing them into military service

Question 9

letters of marque

Answer 9

French Warrants allowing ships and their crews to engage in piracy

Question 10

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 10

Large purchase of territory in 1803

Question 11

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 11

Landmark 1803 case establishing the Supremes Court’s power of judicial review, specifically the power to review and possibly nullify actions of Congress and the President

Question 12

Revolution of 1800

Answer 12

The peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist to the Democratic-Republicans

Question 13

The Terror

Answer 13

the Period of the French Revolution characterized bu extreme violence and the execution of numerous enemies of the revolutionary govt, from 1793-1794

Question 14

XYZ Affair

Answer 14

The French attempt to extract a bribe from the US during the Quasi-War of 1798-1800

Question 15

What were the major foreign and domestic uprising of the early 1790s?

Answer 15

1. The French Revolution

Question 16

Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793

Answer 16

The United States would adopt “a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent powers”

Question 17

What was the reasoning for Jay’s Treaty 1794

Answer 17

1. Britains refusal to abide by the rules of international law (right of neutral shipping)
2. Impressment of American sailors
3. Failure of British to evacuate forts in the American Northwest according to the Treaty of Paris 1783
4. Chief Justice John Jay sent to England to settle differences

Question 18

What were the provisions of Jay’s Treaty 1794

Answer 18

1. British would evacuate the Northwest first by June 1 1796
2. Commissions would be set up to establish the amount due to American shippers for loss goods and other controversies
3. England’s contention that food was contraband was accepted
4. Direct commerce between the US and British East Indies was provided for

Question 19

What was the importance of the Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 19

1. Washington sent troops to squash rebellion

2. Demostrates that the government has the ability to enforce its authority

Question 20

Judiciary Act, 1789

Answer 20

Created Supreme Court of Six Judges heads by those who were committed to the new national government

Question 21

Tariff Act, 1789

Answer 21

1. First major piece of legislation
2. Placed import duties to raise revenues
3. Victory for nationalists
4. 50 cent per ton duty on imported goods (give the commercial advantage to American ships and goods)

Question 22

Report on Public Credit 1790

Answer 22

1. Hamilton says we need support of the wealthy for the govt to work
2. Federal govt honor all its debts
3. The creation of bonds (yield interests)
4. Gave up the nations capital in exchange for the plan

Question 23

Report on a National Bank

Answer 23

1. Issue loans to American merchants and bills of credit

2. Serve as a repository of govt revenue from the sale of land

Question 24

Report on Manufacturers

Answer 24

1. Addressed the need to raise revenue to pay the national debt
2. Tariffs on all imported goods to stimulate American growth

Question 25

What was the National Gazette, and what did it do?

Answer 25

1. Paper supported by Jefferson
2. Run by Philip Freneau to counter the Federalists press
3. Attacked Hamiltons program and Washington Admin

Question 26

1790 Naturalization Act

Answer 26

1. Defined Citizenship in stark racial terms

2. Free white person of good character

Question 27

Washington’s Indian Policy

Answer 27

1. 1790s Naturalization Act I= Indians were not citizens

2. 1785-1795: State of war between Indians and Settlers

Question 28

1798 War Measures (Alien and Sedition Acts)

Answer 28

1. Aimed to increase national security
2. Took aim at the French
3. President gains power to deport new arrivals who appeared to be a threat to national security
4. Raised constitutional questions about Freedom of Press

Question 29

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 29

1. Jefferson and Madison arguments that the Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional
2. Introduced the idea of nullification (rights of the states to nullify congress)
3. Advanced the arguments of states rights

Question 30

Quad-War with France

Answer 30

1. 1796-1800
2. France at war w/ Britain
3. issue decrees that any ships carrying British goods could be seizes
4. French target American ships
5. France seized 834 ships
6. Adams builds up US Nacy

Question 31

Treaty of Mortefontaine

Answer 31

1. Adams secures treaty to end Quasi-War
2. Openness to talk with France divides Feds
3. Treaty opened trade between the two nations
4. Ended French seizure’s of ships

Question 32

Revolution of 1800

Answer 32

First transfer of power from one party to another in American history

Question 33

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 33

1. Slow decline of the Federalists to a period of one party rule from 1815-1828
2. Lower Taxes
3. Decreased military spending

Question 34

Marbury v. Madison, 1803

Answer 34

1. Madison blocks Adams judicial appointees
2. Marshall agrees that Marbury had the right to legal remedy
3. Established that individual had rights even the President could not abridge
4. Found Judicial Act of 1789 unconstitutional (Constitution did not allow for cases like Marbuys to come to the Supreme Court
5. Established Judicial Review

Question 35

Judicial Review

Answer 35

Strengthen the court by asserting its power to review and possibly nullify the actions of Congress and the President

Question 36

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 36

1. Response to British impressment
2. Forbade American ships from leaving their ports until Britain and France stopped seizing them on the high seas
3. American commerce came to halt

Question 37

Non-Intercourse Act of 1808

Answer 37

Lifted the embargoes on trade except with Britain and France

Question 38

Causes of the War of 1812

Answer 38

1. British impressment of Sailors

2. British support for natives in their fight against Western Expansion