Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500-1700

Question 1

Identify the main Spanish American colonial settlements of the 1500s and 1600s

Answer 1

1. Santa Fe, New Mexico

2. St. Augustine, Flordia

Question 2

What was the Spanish motivations behind their attacks on the French Fort Caroline

Answer 2

1. Protected Spain from the growing threat of French Privateers
2. Protected Spanish land claims from the French

Question 3

What was the Pueblo revolt?

Answer 3

1. 1680, Spanish try to convert Pueblo young
2. Pueblo face series of set backs (native attacks, drought) blamed it on Spanish presence
3. Led by Popé coordinated attack against Spanish (killing 400 and dispelling the rest)
4. Spain regains control in 1692 after Pueblo face more droughts

Question 4

What was the Pueblo revolt?

Answer 4

1. 1680, Spanish try to convert Pueblo young
2. Pueblo face series of set backs (native attacks, drought) blamed it on Spanish presence
3. Led by Popé coordinated attack against Spanish (killing 400 and dispelling the rest)
4. Spain regains control in 1692 after Pueblo face more droughts

Question 5

patroonships

Answer 5

large tracts of land and the right to govern the tenants there. in return the the shareholder who gained the patroonship promised to pay for the passage of at least thirty Dutch farmers

Question 6

Outline Dutch colonial development and characteristics

Answer 6

1. Sought land to use as fur trading posts
2. Controlled by West Dutch India Co,
3. Small pop= labor shortage
4. 450 African Slaves and non-Dutch immigrants (diverse)_
5. Partoonships

Question 7

What were the Beaver Wars?

Answer 7

A series of 17th century conflicts which centered around the fur trade in which fighting between native ppls expanded (Algonquian = French, Iroquois =Dutch)

Question 8

Who were the Jesuits

Answer 8

members of the Society of Jesus, an elite religious order founded in 1540 to spread Catholicism and combat the spread of Protestantism

Question 9

What was the role of the Jesuits in the colonies

Answer 9

1. Like the Spanish Franciscan missionaries, Jesuits labor to convert the natives to Catholicism
2. Wrote annual reports about their progress (Jesuit Relations)

Question 10

Outline the root cause of the cultural differences between the two major regions of English colonization

Answer 10

1. Englands domestic problems
2. Schism between Charles I and Parliament
3. Church of England and Puritans
4. Parliamentarians and Puritans behead Charles I
5. Domestic problems make if hard for the Crown to govern Colonies (divergent cultural differences)

Question 11

Indentured Servants

Answer 11

A labor contract that young, impoverished, often illiterate Englishmen signed in England, pledging to work for a number of years growing tobacco in the Chesapeake Bay colonies, in return they got payed passage to the colonies

Question 12

headlight system

Answer 12

those who paid their own passage to Virginia received fifty plus acres an additional fifty for each servant or family member they brought with them

Question 13

Anglo-Powhatan War (1609-1614)

Answer 13

1. Resulted from British colonization of Algonquin lands, and their refusal to follow customs and give gifts
2. English capture Pochoantas and she marries John Rolfe (becomes Christian and chooses to stay with the English)

Question 14

The Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1620s)

Answer 14

1. Resulted from the continuing English territorial expansion
2. Powhatan attack in 1622 killing 350 hundred English
3. English respond by destroying all Powhatan villages around Jamestown (became more intolerant)

Question 15

The Third Anglo-Powhatan War (1644-1646)

Answer 15

1. Surprise attack on the English killing 500

2. Powhatan finally defeated and had to recognize Charles I as their sovereign

Question 16

Outline the major facets of Bacon’s rebellion

Answer 16

1. Charles Berkely (VA governor) forbade further western expansion
2. Pissed of indentured servants who felt gipped out of their earned land
3. Nathanial Bacon (rich dude) wanted to expand
4. Indian attacks local villages
5. Nathanial and his gang respond (going against Governor’s orders)
6. Make their way to the Jamestown and burn it to the ground
7. Charles II sends troops and commissioners to restore order
8. Gain upper hand, execute leaders and Bacon dies of dysentary
9. Helps bring about chatted slavery

Question 17

Explain the role of Bacon’s Rebellion in the rise of chattel slavery in Virginia

Answer 17

1. Bacon’s rebellion shows that the limited freedom of intended servants posed a risk (large pop)
2. wealthy mitigates their woes by creating another sub class that they can easily control (common enemy)

Question 18

Who was Roger Williams and what did he believe

Answer 18

1. He questioned the Puritans’ taking of Indian land
2. Argued for complete separation from the Church of England
3. Felt the state could not punish individuals for their beliefs (compel true orthodoxy)
4. He was found guilty of spreading dangerous ideas and he went on to found Rhode Island (sheltered dissenting Puritans)

Question 19

Who was Anne Hutchinson

Answer 19

1. Held that Puritan ministers in New England sought shallow version of Protestantism (emphasizing hierarchy and actions rather than grace
2. Claimed direct religious revelation (negated the role of ministers)
3. Tried and found guilty for holding false beliefs
4. 1638 she was excommunicated and banished
5. Killed a year later by Algonquian warrior

Question 20

What was King Philip’s war

Answer 20

1. King Philip sought to end further english expansion (which violated peace treaty signed)
2. English worked with Mohegan’s and pillaged native villages
3. Philip lead vicious attack on English (almost kicking them out of New England)
4. English eventually won, but war created new racial tension

Question 21

Explain the reasons for the rise of slavery in the American Colonies

Answer 21

1. Large scale cash crop production

Question 22

What was the Middle Passage

Answer 22

The transatlantic crossing, which took one to two months

Question 23

What were Maroon Communities

Answer 23

Slave runaway groups who resisted recaptures and eked out a living from the land, building their communities as best they could

Question 24

Describe changes to Indian Life, including warfare and hunting

Answer 24

1. Change in power dynamics to favor the English

Question 25

Wampum

Answer 25

shell beads used in ceremonies and as jewelry and currency

Question 26

timucua

Answer 26

native ppl of Florida, whom the Spanish displaced with the founding of St. Augustine, the first Spanish settlement in North America