routes of admin Flashcards
drug
an agent intended for use in diagnosis treatment bleh of disease in humans animals
dosage form
physical presentation of a drug formulation for admin - extra stuff to make it safe reliable convenient
drug delivery
process at adminestering a drug to attain a therapeutic response
route of admin
path the dosage is taken - oral, iv can be multiple
site of action
location in body where drug performs desired reaction
systemic effect
intended action of drug occurs at distant site from application or administration
absorbed enter bloodstream travel to site pass thru capillary wall
local effect
intended effect occurs at site of application or administration
bioavailability
relative amount of dose that gets into systemic circulation intact
metabolised or not absorbed
excipients additives
ingredients added with no therapeutic effect - makes stable
pre system metabolism
first pass metabolism
metabolised by enzymes in the gut sent to liver then blood stream
what influence dosage form
physiochemical characteristics and route of admin
route of admin will influence
route chosen will influence whether drug will reach site and stay long enough to have effect
- body’s protective barriers
- drugs physical chemical properties
- clinical need
- patients acceptance
- prescribers inclination
oral advantage
simple
easy self administer
safest
diverse
easy to formulate and manufactur
doesn’t need be sterile
compact
produce large quantities
oral disadvantage
relatively slow
irregular absorption
presystemic metabolism
alteration of solubility but git contents
some stuff react stomach acid
variations in stomach fullness effect absorption
can’t use some patients - unconscious vommitting
first pass metabolism
intestinal and hepatic degradation may mean can’t be oral or larger dose needed
oral unsuitable
drug
- instability in g i fluid
irritation of git
poor absorption
patient
- unable to swallow
needs immediate response
irritate git
suffers gi disease
oral dosage form capsule
advice
cool fluid - disintegrate
tilt head forward - they float
don’t empty unless authorised
powders oral
dissolve in fluid
oral liquids
use metric measure
shake to dissolve un dissolved stuff
