dermal otic nasal opthalmic Flashcards
dermal types
local - topical
systemic - transdermal (thru skin)
skin
dermal advantage
avoid first pass
useful for local
useful gi tracy irritants : inactivated
dermal disadvantage
people critical disease form
messy sticky
applications may be complicated
slow absorption
small molecular size only
dermal advice
depends
apply affected area
transdermal patches may have special advice
ophthalmic ocular
eye for local effect
unintended systemic absorption - adverse effects
liquid or semisolid
Must Be Sterile
gels cream ointment solution
eye drop advice
put drop under lower lid
close eyes don’t blink or rub
apply pressure bridge or nose to prevent eye drain
one drop at a time - wait 5 min
otic aural
into ear canal for local effect
liquid or semiliquid
doesn’t have to be sterile
pull lobe down and drop in
nasal
local or systemic
non oily solutions suspension inhalations
local enzymes in nasal but avoids first pass useful
nasal advice ???
local or systemic
non oily solutions suspension inhalations
local enzymes in nasal but avoids first pass
adv disadvantage nasal
useful for local
more involved admin
specific formulation requirements
small volumes of admin
vaginal
local
potential systemic avoid first pass
solid liquid semi solid
gender specific
requires applicator
pulmonary
local or systemic mostly local
lungs high blood flow excellent absorb
minute particles needed for alveoli
pulmonary advantage
smaller drug dose needed
reduced side effects
rapid absorb
fast onset action
pulmonary disadvantage
2
more complicated than oral
may require specific devices
parenteral route
injection
injections implants dialysis solution
parenteral main route
iv intravenous directly into systemic circulation
sc subcutaneous layer of skin
im intramuscular - fairly fast when aqueous slower when oily
parenteral advantage
can be immediate response
good for poor bioavailability
avoid first bypass
good for unconscious/ hard to swallow
diverse formulations
parenteral disadvantage
sterile
requires professionals to administer
manufacturing more complicated
needle pain phobia
rapid intense allergic reaction if happen
difficult to reverse once administered
