foot disease

Question 1

blister pathology

Answer 1

cause - friction, burn, bug bite, autoimmune disease, contact dermatitis
tear between upper & lower layer of skin - epidermis & dermis
accumulate fluid

Question 2

blister prevention

Answer 2

correct fit shoes - break in
thick socks
bandaid, tape, moleskin, foam padding, silicone insert - heel liner, anti friction balm

Question 3

blister treatment

Answer 3

dont break - if do, apply antiseptic
protect w dressing & cushioning
specialised blister dressing
drainage by professional if immunocompromised
at home - wash hand, clean area, sterilise needle, tiny puncture, gently press to drain, antiseptic, dress, monitor

Question 4

blister referral

Answer 4

weeping/ pus
heat, lot pain
swelling
no improvement in week
location not consistent w friction

Question 5

bunion pathology

Answer 5

progressive deform bone structure - displace 1st metatarsophalangeal joint - toe to foot
pain, inflammation, warmth, redness, burning, numb, impaired balance

Question 6

bunion cause

Answer 6

hereditary pre-disposition- taught behaviour ?
increase incidence w age (more time wear shit shoes)
ill fitting footwear
pointed toe shoes
incorrect walking action
trauma/ injury

Question 7

bunion treatment

Answer 7

moleskin padding
medication - NSAIDS, steroid injection
cold pack
OTC inserts
splints

Question 8

bunion prevention

Answer 8

properly fitted shoes
- low heels, large toe area, arch support

Question 9

foot arch problems

Answer 9

raised - cramped tight feeling toes
weak/flat - aching, burning feet
OTC- arch support
Refer - back knee hip pain
cause - footwear, obesity, hereditary, walk weird, long periods off feet

Question 10

plantar fasciitis pathology

Answer 10

inflammation/overstretch/overuse of plantar fascia - tissue connect heel to toes - create foot arch
dull or sharp heel pain
worse in morning, after prolong sitting or standing, excercise

Question 11

plantar fasciitis cause

Answer 11

sport, arch problems, middle age +, overweight, pregnant, standing all day, shit shoes

Question 12

plantar fasciitis treatment

Answer 12

pain relief
stretching exercise
rest feet
goot support cushioning shoes
night splint - while sleeping
heel pad & arch support - orthotics
cold pack 10-20 min qid
massage
physiotherapy, podiatrist, surgery, corticosteroid injections

Question 13

hammer toe

Answer 13

claw like deformity
cause - ill fitting shoes, weak muscles, hereditary
sign - pain, rigidity, corn, claw like
treatment - surgery, padding
prevention - footwear w toe room

Question 14

corn vs callouses **

Answer 14

callous - no central nucleus, wider-spread burning, larger area, skin ridging, flat, creamy yellow, can pick off
corn - have a nucleus, sharp acute pain, no skin ridge, shiny top, red surrounding like blister, ~2cm, round/oval

Question 15

corn pathology

Answer 15

hard - tops, side, tips toes & ball of feet, pea size, central core grey skin surrounded by yellow ring inflamed skin, nucleus - sharp intense pain
soft - between toes, soft, whitened, no hard centre, painful

Question 16

corn treatment

Answer 16

hard - cushioning, salicylic acid based product - little evidence
soft - comfortable footwear, padding, toe seperator

Question 17

callous treatment

Answer 17

hard skin removal - foot file/pumice stone
foot balm/cream - urea/ lactic acid
callous removal
pads
salicylic acid (11.25%-40%)

Question 18

corn callouses referral

Answer 18

soft corns
signs infection
discomfort/pain - difficulty walking

Question 19

cracked heel

Answer 19

dead skin build up, yellow/off white, pain, splitting, cracks fissures
dry skin - environment, vitamin deficiency, pregnant, aging, stand long time

Question 20

cracked heel treat & prevent

Answer 20

treat - foot soak, exfoliation, moisturisation - eulactol, QV heel balm
prevent - cushioning footwear, weight loss, close footwear w socks

Question 21

foot odour

Answer 21

cause excessive perspiration - macerated skin, bacteria
prevent/treat - non synthetic socks, breathable shoes, change socks daily, dry & air shoes, dry feet well, absorbent powder

Question 22

foot odour treatment

Answer 22

powder - use on shoes/ feet after bathing - contains corn starch
foot & shoe spray - antiperspirant, deororised
insoles - odour eaters - activated charcoal & antibacterial

Question 23

plantar warts - pathology

Answer 23

human papilloma virus
transmitted via direct skin contact/ infected skin
HPV stimulate basal cell division - lesion
ball of foot, heel, bottoms of toes

Question 24

plantar wart - verruca

Answer 24

painful w pressure
cauliflower shape
hard outer edge
pale, slightly raised, central small black spots
single/ cluster <1cm diameter

Question 25

plantar wart treatment

Answer 25

most clear spontaneously salicylic acid (+lactic acid, + podophyllum resin) 10-12 weeks 1daily safety consider - age restrict children, caution diabetes/poor circulation - safe in pregnancy medicated pads every 48hrs

Question 26

plantar wart treatment how

Answer 26

soak warm water 5-10min pumice stone - emery board dry area protect surrounding skin - WSP/ clear nail varnish apply product to lesion only avoid contact eye mouth mucous membrane

Question 27

plantar wart cryotherapy

Answer 27

dimethyl ether & propane 4yrs + 20-40 sec use, repeat in 15days avoid - broken infected irritated skin, pregnant, diabetic, impaired circulation

Question 28

wart referral prevention

Answer 28

large/multiple /painful oozing, bleeding, itching - no provoke grow or change colour uncertain diagnosis diabetes infection genital/ face warts - avoid share towel, wear shoes communal area, keep wart covered

Question 29

ingrown toenails

Answer 29

nail grows into nail bed cause - incorrect nail cutting, trauma, tight shoes symptom - pain, red, abrasion, blood/pus treat - refer podiatrist/gp prevent - trim nails straight across, avoid pull hangnail

Question 30

diabetic foot care

Answer 30

high risk of complications neuropathy, blood vessel change, infection daily foot care is key - comfortable footwear - clean well fitting socks - wash feet & dry in-between toes - apply moisturiser - inspect - red, cracks, swell, blister, bruise