Rotter and Mischel Flashcards
Theory that states that cognitive factors help shape how people react to environmental forces; one’s expectations of the future events are prime determinants of performance
Cognitive Social learning theory
Holds that human behavior is based largely on the interaction of people with meaningful environments; Rotter’s theory
Social learning theory
Assumes that people choose a course of action that advances them toward an anticipated goal
empirical law of effect
The possibility that a particular response will occur at a given time and place in relation to its likely reinforcement
behavior potential
A function of both expectancy and reinforcement value
Behavior potential
Their confidence that a particular reinforcement will follow a specific behavior in a specific situation/s.
expectancy
Based on previous experiences with a particular response or similar responses and based on beliefs that certain behaviors will be followed by positive reinforcement
generalized expectancies
A person’s preference for any particular reinforcement over other reinforcements if all are equally likely to occur
reinforcement value
Suggest that the value of an event is a function of one’s expectation that a particular reinforcement will lead to future reinforcements
reinforcement-reinforcement sequences
Complex pattern of cues that a person perceives during a specific time period
psychological situation
States that the potential for a behavior to occur in a particular situation in relation to a given reinforcement is a function of people’s expectancy that the behavior will be followed by that reinforcement in that situation
Basic prediction formula
Expectations based on similar past experiences that a given behavior will be reinforced
Generalized expectancies
Any behavior or set of behaviors that people see as moving them in direction of a goal
needs
3 components of needs
need potential, freedom of movement, need value
States that need potentail is a function of freedom of movement and need value
General prediction formula
Rotter’s 2 most famous scales for measureing generalized expectancies
internal-external control scale and interpersonal trust scale
Measures the extent to which a person expects the word or promise of another person to be true
Interpersonal trust scale
Arises from a combination of high need value and and low freedom of movement
maladaptive behavior
goal of therapy
to achieve harmony between a client’s freedom of movement and need value
Theory that states that behavior stems from relatively stable personal dispositions and cognitive affective processes interacting with a particular situation
Cognitive-affective personality theory
Refers to the observation that although both laypeople and professionals tend to believe that behavior is quite consistent, research suggests that it is not. (magdepend ang trait sa situation, varies)
Consistency paradox
Behavior is the result of people’s perceptions of themselves in a particular situation (if-then)
Person-situation interaction
Unique and stable pattern of behaving differently in different situations
behavioral signature of personality
Personality may have temporal stability and that behaviors may vary from situation to situation
behavior prediction
Include all those stimuli that people attend to in a given situation
situational variables
Include all those psychological, social and physiological aspects of people that permit them to interact with their environment
cognitive affective units
5 cognitive-affective units
- encoding strategies
- competencies and self-regulatory strategies
- expectancies and beliefs
- behavior-outcome expectancy
- stimulus-outcome expectancy
- goals and values
- affective responses
Acquired set of beliefs about our performance abilities
cognitive competencies
One of the most important of these consistencies is ___, which Mischel argues is responsible for the apparent consistency of other traits
intelligence
Predicts that a person’s behavior will change from situation to situation but in a meaningful manner
Cognitive-affective personality system
Rotter and mischel see people as goal-directed, cognitive animals whose perceptions of events are more crucial than the events themselves.
concept of humanity
A test where children want reward and resist temptation; delay of gratification
Marshmallow test
