Rotter and Mischel

Question 1

Theory that states that cognitive factors help shape how people react to environmental forces; one’s expectations of the future events are prime determinants of performance

Answer 1

Cognitive Social learning theory

Question 2

Holds that human behavior is based largely on the interaction of people with meaningful environments; Rotter’s theory

Answer 2

Social learning theory

Question 3

Assumes that people choose a course of action that advances them toward an anticipated goal

Answer 3

empirical law of effect

Question 4

The possibility that a particular response will occur at a given time and place in relation to its likely reinforcement

Answer 4

behavior potential

Question 5

A function of both expectancy and reinforcement value

Answer 5

Behavior potential

Question 6

Their confidence that a particular reinforcement will follow a specific behavior in a specific situation/s.

Answer 6

expectancy

Question 7

Based on previous experiences with a particular response or similar responses and based on beliefs that certain behaviors will be followed by positive reinforcement

Answer 7

generalized expectancies

Question 8

A person’s preference for any particular reinforcement over other reinforcements if all are equally likely to occur

Answer 8

reinforcement value

Question 9

Suggest that the value of an event is a function of one’s expectation that a particular reinforcement will lead to future reinforcements

Answer 9

reinforcement-reinforcement sequences

Question 10

Complex pattern of cues that a person perceives during a specific time period

Answer 10

psychological situation

Question 11

States that the potential for a behavior to occur in a particular situation in relation to a given reinforcement is a function of people’s expectancy that the behavior will be followed by that reinforcement in that situation

Answer 11

Basic prediction formula

Question 12

Expectations based on similar past experiences that a given behavior will be reinforced

Answer 12

Generalized expectancies

Question 13

Any behavior or set of behaviors that people see as moving them in direction of a goal

Answer 13

needs

Question 14

3 components of needs

Answer 14

need potential, freedom of movement, need value

Question 15

States that need potentail is a function of freedom of movement and need value

Answer 15

General prediction formula

Question 16

Rotter’s 2 most famous scales for measureing generalized expectancies

Answer 16

internal-external control scale and interpersonal trust scale

Question 17

Measures the extent to which a person expects the word or promise of another person to be true

Answer 17

Interpersonal trust scale

Question 18

Arises from a combination of high need value and and low freedom of movement

Answer 18

maladaptive behavior

Question 19

goal of therapy

Answer 19

to achieve harmony between a client’s freedom of movement and need value

Question 20

Theory that states that behavior stems from relatively stable personal dispositions and cognitive affective processes interacting with a particular situation

Answer 20

Cognitive-affective personality theory

Question 21

Refers to the observation that although both laypeople and professionals tend to believe that behavior is quite consistent, research suggests that it is not. (magdepend ang trait sa situation, varies)

Answer 21

Consistency paradox

Question 22

Behavior is the result of people’s perceptions of themselves in a particular situation (if-then)

Answer 22

Person-situation interaction

Question 23

Unique and stable pattern of behaving differently in different situations

Answer 23

behavioral signature of personality

Question 24

Personality may have temporal stability and that behaviors may vary from situation to situation

Answer 24

behavior prediction

Question 25

Include all those stimuli that people attend to in a given situation

Answer 25

situational variables

Question 26

Include all those psychological, social and physiological aspects of people that permit them to interact with their environment

Answer 26

cognitive affective units

Question 27

5 cognitive-affective units

Answer 27

• encoding strategies
• competencies and self-regulatory strategies
• expectancies and beliefs
• behavior-outcome expectancy
• stimulus-outcome expectancy
• goals and values
• affective responses

Question 28

Acquired set of beliefs about our performance abilities

Answer 28

cognitive competencies

Question 29

One of the most important of these consistencies is ___, which Mischel argues is responsible for the apparent consistency of other traits

Answer 29

intelligence

Question 30

Predicts that a person’s behavior will change from situation to situation but in a meaningful manner

Answer 30

Cognitive-affective personality system

Question 31

Rotter and mischel see people as goal-directed, cognitive animals whose perceptions of events are more crucial than the events themselves.

Answer 31

concept of humanity

Question 32

A test where children want reward and resist temptation; delay of gratification

Answer 32

Marshmallow test