Object Relations Theory

Question 1

ORT differ from Freud in 3 ways:

Answer 1

• emphasis on interpersonal relationships
• stresses mother-infant relationship rather than father
• people are motivated primarily for human contact rather than for sexual pleasure

Question 2

Father of object relations

Answer 2

Freud

Question 3

Psychic representations of unconscious id instincts; unconscious images of good and bad

Answer 3

Phantasies

Question 4

Infants introject and having a life of their own within the child’s fantasy world

Answer 4

Objects

Question 5

Way of dealing with both internal and external objects; represent normal social growth and development

Answer 5

Positions

Question 6

Keep good and bad breast separate; fear persecutory breast and keep ideal breast in protection again persecutors

Answer 6

Paranoid-schizoid position

Question 7

When external objects viewed as a whole and that good and bad can exist in the same person; feel anxiety over losing loved object and guilt for wanting to destroy

Answer 7

Depressive position

Question 8

Resolved when infants fantasize that they have made up for their previous transgressions against their mother and realize that their mother will not abandom them

Answer 8

Depressive position

Question 9

Protect ego against anxiety aroused by their own destructive fantasies

Answer 9

Psychic defense mechanisms

Question 10

Fantasy of taking into one’s own body the images that one has of an external object such as the mother’s breast

Answer 10

Introjection

Question 11

Infants introject good objects to protect against anxiety and also bad objects to gain control of them

Answer 11

Introjection

Question 12

The fantasy that one’s own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person; alleviate unbearable anxiety

Answer 12

Projection

Question 13

Keeping apart incompatible impulses; bad me and good me; enable ppl to see both positive and negative aspects of themselves

Answer 13

Splitting

Question 14

Infants split off unacceptable parts of themselves, project into another object and finally introject them in an altered form.

Answer 14

Projective identification

Question 15

Person introjects external objects and organize them into a psychologically meaningful framework

Answer 15

Internalizations

Question 16

Unorganized at birth but strong enough to feel anxiety , use defense mechanisms, form early object relations in both phantasy and reality; reaches maturity earlier than freud

Answer 16

Ego

Question 17

Emerges much earlier than Freud and much harsher and cruel; grows along oedipus complex and emerges as a realistic guilt after resolved

Answer 17

Superego

Question 18

Klein oedipus complex stems from:

Answer 18

Children’s fear that their parents will seek revenge against them for their fantasy of emptying the parents body

Question 19

Develop positive relationship with father (or both) and fantasizes that father will fill her with babies

Answer 19

Feminine position

Question 20

Primarily concerned with the psychological birth of the individual

Answer 20

Mahler’s view

Question 21

Child becomes an individual separate from his or her primary caregiver which leads to a sense of identity

Answer 21

Psychological birth

Question 22

Stage of psych birth: satisfy needs within the all-powerful protective orbit of their mother’s care; objectless stage

Answer 22

Normal autism

Question 23

Stage of psych birth: infants behave as if they and their mother were an omnipotent, symbiotic unit

Answer 23

Normal symbiosis

Question 24

Stage of psych birth: becoming psychologically separated from their mothers and achieving individuation

Answer 24

Separation-individuation

Question 25

Bodily breaking away from mother-infantic symbiotic relationship

Answer 25

Differentiation

Question 26

Desire to bring mother and themselves back together both physically and psychologically

Answer 26

Rapprochement

Question 27

Must develop a constant inner representation of their mother so that they can tolerate being physically away from her

Answer 27

Libidinal object constancy

Question 28

Kohut

Evolves from a vague and undifferentiated image to a clear and precise sense of individual identity

Answer 28

Self

Question 29

Kohut

The core of human personality

Answer 29

Human relatedness

Question 30

Kohut

Referred to as selfobjects by infants

Answer 30

Adults

Question 31

Kohut

2 basic narcissistic needs

Answer 31

Grandiose exhibitionistic self and idealized parent image

Question 32

Kohut
Established when infant relates to a mirroring self object who reflects approval of behavior; “if others see me as perfect, i an perfect”

Answer 32

Grandiose exhibitionistic self

Question 33

Kohut

Someone else is perfect; “you are perfect, i am a part of u”

Answer 33

Idealized parent image

Question 34

Children who experience a healthy relationship with mom develop an integrated ego, a punitive superego, a stable self-concept, and satisfying interpersonal relations

Answer 34

Otto kernberg’s view

Question 35

Attachments formed during childhood have an important impact on adulthood

Answer 35

Bowlby’s attachment theory

Question 36

3 stages of sepanx

Answer 36

• protest
• apathy and despair
• detachment(only one unique to humans)

Question 37

a technique for measuring the type of attachment style that exists between caregiver and infant

Answer 37

Strange situation

Question 38

Goal of kleinian therapy

Answer 38

• Reduce depressive anxieties and persecutory fears and lessen harshness of internalized objects
• reexperience early emotions and point out differnces between reality and fantasy