Rota, Calici, Viral Diarrhea Flashcards
What are the classic symptoms of viral gastroenteritis?
Acute onset watery diarrhea (without blood or mucus) Nausea Intestinal cramping Myalgia Low-grade fever
Viral diarrheas typically have __________ incubation periods and ___________ durations of symptoms.
short; short
Viral diarrhea is typically transmitted _____________.
by fecal-oral transmission
In the U.S., children typically have ________ cases of viral diarrhea per year, while worldwide children have _________ cases per year.
1-2; 6-7
How many deaths per year do viral diarrhea typically cause?
2.5 million
Which cells are typically affected in viral diarrhea?
Mature enterocytes
What intestinal pathology is often caused by viral diarrhea?
Blunting of villi
____________ can disrupt transepithelial fluid balance.
Viral enterotoxins
In most individual cases, _____________ does not help in the diagnosis and treatment of viral diarrhea.
knowing which virus it is (however, it is important in outbreaks)
PCR can identify viral nucleic acid in stool, but ______________.
healthy people can test positive
Many times, viruses are grown in human cells. However, with viral diarrhea, _____________.
most do not grow well in human cells or cell lines
The mainstay of treatment for viral diarrhea is ______________.
oral rehydration therapy
A recent study showed that one of the biggest predictors of development of nosocomial infections is _________________.
what the person before you had in the same hospital room
The most common cause of contagious viral diarrhea belongs to which virus family?
Caliciviruses
What kind of virus is norovirus?
ssRNA, circular, non-enveloped, with viral-encoded proteases
Norovirus surpassed _____________ as the most common viral diarrhea (due to the use of vaccines for the latter).
rotavirus
Norovirus binds to ______________.
FUT2 (an enterocyte antigen); if people are FUT2 negative, then they cannot be infected with norovirus
