HIV Flashcards
Currently, the bulk of HIV infection is in __________________.
sub-Sarahan Africa
What are the first symptoms of immunodeficiency (usually)?
Thrush, oral hairy leukoplakia, and tuberculosis
Those who cannot be infected with HIV typically have what kind of mutations?
32 base-pair frame-shift mutations in the CCR5 receptor
One of the symptoms of the initial infection with HIV is ______________.
aseptic meningitis with a mononucleosis-like illness
The type of opportunistic infection that patients present with depends on ________________.
what is most common in the area they live; for instance, toxoplasmosis is more common in France and thus AIDS patients more often present with it there
Which HIV protein leads to conformational changes and entry into the cell?
gp41
“FORty-one FORces entry.”
The WHO recommends that ______________ receive anti-retroviral therapy.
all HIV+ people
The HIV mortality was highest in __________.
1993 - 1995; during this time, HIV was the number one cause of mortality in the 25 - 44 age group!
How successful have HIV vaccines been in studies?
The most successful vaccine had about a 30% protection.
What percent of Americans are HIV-positive?
0.25%
There are about _________ Americans with HIV.
1.2 million
What act is the most likely to cause infection?
Blood transfusion from an HIV-positive person (92%)
Receptive anal intercourse (1.4%)
When was the first HIV drug brought to market?
Zidovudine (aka AZT) in 1987
What is PrEP?
PRe-Exposure Prophylaxis: giving antiretroviral therapy to high-risk individuals
What lab test can show the extent of viral replication?
HIV RNA in plasma
