Review Session Flashcards
Name two toxoid vaccines.
Diphteria and tetanus
Name three vaccines to polysaccharide capsules.
Haemophilus influenzae, N. meningitidis, and S. pneumoniae
The Influenza vaccine generates antibodies to ____________.
neuraminidase and hemagglutinin
Name three vaccines to envelope proteins.
Dengue, rabies, and MMR
Recently, ____________ has been eliminated from many diagnostic guidelines for HIV.
Western blot
What does fourth-generation HIV testing test for?
Antibodies (ELISA) and p24 antigen (also ELISA)
How many types of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are known?
H: 18
N: 11
Which two type A influenza strains are circulating now?
H3N2 and H1N1 (including many sub-types)
The only two vaccines recommended for pregnant women are _____________.
TDaP and influenza
What kind of protein is M2?
An ion channel
True or false: oseltamivir also inhibits infection.
True. There is sialic acid in mucus. Influenza needs to cleave through this to get to epithelial cells. Inhibiting neuraminidase thus prevents more infection.
True or false: the only DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus are the Herpesviruses.
False. Poxvirus is the only DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm.
What protein is usually transmitted first by positive-sense ssRNA viruses?
Viral RNA polymerase
Those with MAC deficiencies are more susceptible to ______________ infections.
Gram-negative (because the peptidoglycan layer is impermeable to MAC)
People with defects in cellular immunity are at risk of which kind of bacterial infections?
Intracellular: Mycobacteria, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, etc.
True or false: those with common chain deficiency will have B lymphocytes.
True. Just no Ts.
True or false: those with RAG mutations will have no lymphocytes.
False. They can have NKs.
Clinical neutropenia is ______________.
neutrophil counts less than 500
According to Dr. Jannoff, what class of HIV drugs has the highest rate of resistance?
NNRTIs
Again, what is the “backbone” of HIV treatment?
2 NRTIs and something else (such as integrase inhibitor or protease inhibitor)
Why is one drug sufficient to treat latent TB?
Latent TB presents with fewer bacteria. Resistance is rare in TB, so the odds that someone with latent TB has resistant bacteria are low. Thus, one drug is sufficient.
The two mainstay drugs for Mycobacterium avium complex are _____________.
azithromycin and rifabutin
In the lepromatous response to M. leprae, __________ suppresses healing.
IL-10
People who’ve recently gotten BMTs are at risk of which type of pneumonia?
Aspergillus
You know that S. aureus, Nocardia, and P. aeruginosa are all catalase-positive, but what other organisms are those with CGD at risk for?
Serratia
Aspergillus
Salmonella
