Review Session

Question 1

Name two toxoid vaccines.

Answer 1

Diphteria and tetanus

Question 2

Name three vaccines to polysaccharide capsules.

Answer 2

Haemophilus influenzae, N. meningitidis, and S. pneumoniae

Question 3

The Influenza vaccine generates antibodies to ____________.

Answer 3

neuraminidase and hemagglutinin

Question 4

Name three vaccines to envelope proteins.

Answer 4

Dengue, rabies, and MMR

Question 5

Recently, ____________ has been eliminated from many diagnostic guidelines for HIV.

Answer 5

Western blot

Question 6

What does fourth-generation HIV testing test for?

Answer 6

Antibodies (ELISA) and p24 antigen (also ELISA)

Question 7

How many types of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are known?

Answer 7

H: 18
N: 11

Question 8

Which two type A influenza strains are circulating now?

Answer 8

H3N2 and H1N1 (including many sub-types)

Question 9

The only two vaccines recommended for pregnant women are _____________.

Answer 9

TDaP and influenza

Question 10

What kind of protein is M2?

Answer 10

An ion channel

Question 11

True or false: oseltamivir also inhibits infection.

Answer 11

True. There is sialic acid in mucus. Influenza needs to cleave through this to get to epithelial cells. Inhibiting neuraminidase thus prevents more infection.

Question 12

True or false: the only DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus are the Herpesviruses.

Answer 12

False. Poxvirus is the only DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm.

Question 13

What protein is usually transmitted first by positive-sense ssRNA viruses?

Answer 13

Viral RNA polymerase

Question 14

Those with MAC deficiencies are more susceptible to ______________ infections.

Answer 14

Gram-negative (because the peptidoglycan layer is impermeable to MAC)

Question 15

People with defects in cellular immunity are at risk of which kind of bacterial infections?

Answer 15

Intracellular: Mycobacteria, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, etc.

Question 16

True or false: those with common chain deficiency will have B lymphocytes.

Answer 16

True. Just no Ts.

Question 17

True or false: those with RAG mutations will have no lymphocytes.

Answer 17

False. They can have NKs.

Question 18

Clinical neutropenia is ______________.

Answer 18

neutrophil counts less than 500

Question 19

According to Dr. Jannoff, what class of HIV drugs has the highest rate of resistance?

Answer 19

NNRTIs

Question 20

Again, what is the “backbone” of HIV treatment?

Answer 20

2 NRTIs and something else (such as integrase inhibitor or protease inhibitor)

Question 21

Why is one drug sufficient to treat latent TB?

Answer 21

Latent TB presents with fewer bacteria. Resistance is rare in TB, so the odds that someone with latent TB has resistant bacteria are low. Thus, one drug is sufficient.

Question 22

The two mainstay drugs for Mycobacterium avium complex are _____________.

Answer 22

azithromycin and rifabutin

Question 23

In the lepromatous response to M. leprae, __________ suppresses healing.

Answer 23

IL-10

Question 24

People who’ve recently gotten BMTs are at risk of which type of pneumonia?

Answer 24

Aspergillus

Question 25

You know that S. aureus, Nocardia, and P. aeruginosa are all catalase-positive, but what other organisms are those with CGD at risk for?

Answer 25

Serratia
Aspergillus
Salmonella