Rome Civil War Notes Flashcards
Tiberius: lower class (plebeians) were suffering
Tiberius Grachhus was elected as tribune of the plebeians
He promised land reform
What did Tiberius Grachhus notice of the plebeians
He noticed that the lower class was suffering
Tiberius: plebeians: he promised land reform
Wanted to limit amount of land each person could own
Wanted to rebuild the farming class by redistributing land
Tiberius Grachhus and hundreds of his followers were murdered
Gaius Grachhus and reform
Gaius was elected tribune in 122 bc, about 10 years after his brother was murdered
Wanted land reform
Wanted the govt to sell to poor at reduced prices
Wanted a public works company to employ the poor
Wanted to decrease the senates power
Riots erupted. In 121 bc he was killed along with thousands of supporters
What were the two differing parties that continued to argue
Optimates
Populares
Who were the optimates
Senatorial party
Wanted to maintain the position and power of the wealthy patrician class, aka the status quo
Populares
Peoples party
Had its strength in the Assembly
Wanted reforms
Why did military dictators come to power?
Constant fighting time between rich and poor
Restlessness in the provinces
Big slave rebellions (Spartacus)
Barbarian invasions (though not as serious as they became in the era of the empire)
The people needed strong leadership
Facts about gaius Marius
A leader of the populares Successful military victories Elected consul 7 times Wanted army reform struggled with Lucius Sulla for power
Gaius Marius wanted army reform
Formed a paid, volunteer, official army staffed by Romes landless people(no more property qualifications)
Soldiers shared in the spoils of war and earned pension upon completion of their service
Lucius Sulla who was he?
Patrician member of senate Optimates Military victories Marius and his supporters come to power in Rome while Sulla was away Sulla ruled as dictator for 3 years
When Marius and his supporters came to power in Rome while Sulla was away
Killed many optimates in the senate
Sulla came back to Rome in 82 bc
Sulla killed thousands of Marius’ followers and condiscated their property as booty for his troops
Sulla ruled as dictator for 3 years
Gave senate back control of the concern meant the retired from public life
Gneieus pompeius Magnus
A general under Sulla
Military victories
Marcus Crassus
General who defeated Spartacus
Became wealthy by devious means
Gaius Julius Caesar
Military victories
Caesars military victories
59-51 bc: brought Gaul(roughly modern day France) under Romes rule
3 people in the first triumvirate
Pompey Magnus
Marcus Crassus
Julius Caesar
Pompey’s perk and what he became leader of
Soldiers
Leader of Italy
Marcus Crassus perk and leader of what
Money
Romes eastern provinces
Julius Caesars perk and consul of what
Popularity
Consul of Gaul
Trouble in paradise
53 bc: Crassus killed in battle against Parthians
Pompey was jealous of the success Caesar was having in Gaul
53 bc: Crassus killed in battle of the Parthians
This ended the first triumvirate
Pompey was jealous of the success ceasar was having jm Gaul
Pompey talked to the senate into demanding that Caesar return to Rome as a private citizen(without his troops)
Crossing the rubicon
Caesar had to make a decision
Caesar led his troops across the rubicon river
Caesar had to make a decision.
Following the senates orders= powerlessness before Pompey
Disobeying the senates orders=violating roman law
Caesar chases Pompey to Egypt
Pompey flees to Greece
Pompey flees to Egypt
Caesar meets cleopatra VI of Egypt
Pompey flees to Greece
Caesar went after him, defeating Pompey in Pharsalus
Pompey flees to Egypt
Ptolemy XIII, knowing Caesars army was in pursuit of Pompey, killed Pompey rather than give him shelter
Ptolemy later presented Pompeys head to Caesar
Caesar meets cleopatra
Had son with cleopatra, Caesarian, born in 47 bc
Veni vedi vici
What Caesar sent to Rome
Military victories left Caesar as sol ruler of Rome
Mark Antony was Caesars right hand man
What does veni vedi vici mean
I came
I saw
I conquered
What does Marc Antony do for Caesar
Helps him get to Rome
Caesars reforms
Distributes land to roman citizens
Reformed the calendar(the “Julian” calendar with 365 days)
Dictator for life
Senate dislikes many of Caesars reforms and feared his popularity and power
Something big happened on the idea of March
On the idea of March
Caesar was stabbed to death (23 times at least)
Among the conspirators was Brutus
Who was Brutus
Brutus was a descendent of the traditional founder of the Roman Republic and Cassius one of the leading Statesmans of the republic
Chaos and more Civil War
Cesar left is fortunate was great nephew Octavian
Second triumvirate was formed
They split the rule of the Empire
Who made up the second triumvirate
Octavian
Mark Antony
Lepidus
Splitting the rule of the Empire
Octavian took Italy Rome and gaul
Mark Anthony took Egypt and the East Lepidus took Spain in Africa
Octavian versus Mark Antony
Lepidus attempted to take Sicley from Octavian resulting in the loss of most of his offices and all of his power
Mark Anthony made problematic alliances and ignored roman dictates for the east
in 32 BC Octavian’s forces attacked Egypt
In 32 BC Octavian’s forces attacked Egypt
In 31 BC the battle of acting happened when Mark Anthony’s fleet was destroyed
Lepidus attempted to take Sicley from Octavian resulting in the loss of most of his offices and all his power
Lepidus would live his life in obscurity and die and 13 BC the last pontifex Maximus to not be an emperor or part of the Imperial family
Mark Anthony made problematic alliances and ignored Romes dictates for the east
Mark Antony formed a relationship with Cleopatra in Egypt
Mark Antony offended Rome by going ‘native’