Chapter 19 & 20 Flashcards
Who founded the Ottoman Dynasty in the late 13th century?
Osman Bey
The Ottomans organize the _____ people in _____ and begin to expand broadly from 1290-_____
Turkish, Anatolia, 1326
In _____ the Ottoman Turks capture ______ , the capital of the Byzantine Empire (Roman)
1453, Constantinople
When Constantinople became Istanbul, churches like the _____ were transformed into _____, though many Christian features remained
Hagia Sophia, mosques
When Constantinople became Istanbul, the Turks allowed everyone to practice whatever religion, as long as they paid a special _____
tax
Janissaries:
a soldier in the elite guard of the Ottoman sultan
_____ children would be take from their families at a young age and raised to be _____
Christian, Muslim warriors
Suleiman the Magnificent besieged _____ but was defeated by _____ and _____
Vienna, Austria and Poland
Suleiman the Magnificent attempted to control the _____, but _____ and _____ combined to defeat the Turks at the _____
Mediterranean, Spain and Venice, Battle of Lepanto
The sultans center of power was _____ in _____. It had _____ and was considered a ______, ______, and _____
Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, 4 courtyards, fortress, sanctuary, and shrine
Ottoman power: grand viziers
Ottoman sultan’s chief minister, usual a eunuch
Ottoman power: pasha
Appointed official of the Ottoman Empire who collected taxes, maintained law and order, and was directly responsible to the sultan
Ottoman power: gunpowder empire
An empire formed by outside conquerors who u odors the regions they control through their mastery of firearms
During the ottoman decline, the sultans became a _____ who was isolated in _____ palace. Instead, the _____ ran everything
Figurehead,Topkapi,grand viziers
A cause of the auto man decline was the _____ and the _____
Power struggle over succession between brothers on death of the sultan, decline of the Silk Road
The Safavid Empire picked up the prices after ______’s empire was destroyed and conquered modern day ____ and _____ in the early _____. They also had a leader known as the _____, which is Persian for _____. Lastly, they insisted that everyone practiced _____ version of Islam
Tamerlane’s, Iran, Iraq, 1500s, shah, king, Shia
The Safavids fell because of lack of _____ (Europeans had _____, ottomans had _____, and Mongols & Chinese _____. They also had an obsession with oppressing _____ Muslims which lead to internal conflict
Economic power, seas trade, trade to the west, trade to the east , Sunni
In 1500: India is divided into dozens of small _____, _____, and ______. _____, the founder of the mogul dynasty, was a descendant of ______ and ______. Mogul is Indian for _____. The Moguls did not persecute _____ but encouraged conversion to _______.
Kingdoms, principalities, city states, Babur, Genghis Khan and Tamerlane, Mongol, Hindus, Islam
Shah Jahan built and partially designed the _____ and the _____
Peacock Throne and the Taj Mahal
End of the Moguls: later emperors stop paying attention to ruling and care more about _____ and living a _____. There was also the end of the tolerance for _____. in 1757 two things occurred. They were the _____ and this was the _____.
smoking opium and living a comfortable life, Hinduism, Battle of Plessey, last time elephants were used in warfare
Achievements of the Ming dynasty
they expanded, strengthened the great wall, renovated the Great Canal, made Beijing the capital, etc.
Achievements of the Qing dynasty
signed a treaty that established trade between Russia and China, and forced people to dress a certain way, etc.
Achievements of the Ming and Qing dynasties
had a bureaucracy, Christian prosperity, etc.
How did the Qing dynasty adapt to become successful
the Manchu people forced people to dress a certain way
How did the changing economy affect society during the Ming and Qing dynasties
the population increased, then the demand for land went up and people were out of jobs so revolts erupted. The economy couldn’t keep up with China’s demands
The _____ family ruled Japan from 1603 until 1868. This was also known as the _____ period. In 1635, foreign trade limited to _____, _____, and _____ at Nagasaki a few times a year. Also, they still had an emperor but the actual power was held by the _____
Tokugawa, Edo, China, Korea, Netherlands, Shogun
Japanese Feudalism
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasants, Merchants, Eta
Samurai
lived by Bushido, the “way of the warrior”
Daimyo
heads of noble families in Japan who controlled vast estates and relied on samurai for protection
Hans
approximately 250 domains (counties) into which Japan was divided under the Tokugawa, ruled by daimyo
Eta
Japan’s outcast class who’s way of life was strictly regulated by the Tokugawa
In Japan there was a mix of native _____ (living spirits in all things) and _____ (based on teachings of Confucius). Merchants began to surpass the _____ in wealth
Shintoism, Confucianism, samurai
Korea was caught between _____ and _____. They were constantly fighting or negotiating with both of them through the _____ and _____ centuries. They were isolationists (_____________).
China and Japan, 16th and 17th, a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relationships
In SE Asia there were fairly stable stat based on _____, _____, and _____. They were _____, _____, _____, and _____. In the first one, the king was considered superior to other human beings and served as the link between _____ and the _____. In the second one, kings were sacred beings and his person maintained the balance between the _____ and the _____. In the third one, the sultan was a mortal but was seen as the defender of all _____ within his realm. In the final one, the teachings of _____ guided emperors, rulers were seen as an intermediary between _____ and _____, and they ruled through the _____.
common ethnic, linguistic, cultural characteristics. Buddhist kingdoms, Javanese styles, Islamic sultanates, and Chinese style. Humans and the universe. sacred world, material world. Muslims. Confucius, heaven and earth, mandate of heaven.
Portuguese fist attempted to seize control of the spice trade from _____. In 1511, they took control of _____, the gateway to the Spice Islands. This effectively ended the _____ presence as major players in the Indian Ocean Spice Trade. Then, the _____ and _____ came soon after and pushed out the Portuguese. The Dutch focused all resources on the Spice Islands and soon had a monopoly on _____.
Muslim merchants, Melaka, Muslim, English and Dutch, the spice trade
