Chapters 15 & 16

Question 0

Erasmus was a __________ and a _______

Answer 0

Christian humanist

Believer of free will

Question 1

Early reformer

Answer 1

Erasmus

Question 2

Erasmus the Christian humanist’s goal was_____and he believed_____

Answer 2

To reform Catholic Church from within

He believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves

Question 3

Erasmus the believer of free will thought it was

Answer 3

Predestination

Question 4

Important developments that aid the reformation and how they helped

Answer 4

Printing press because it allowed books to be available to the masses not just the rich

Question 5

Language barriers and what they were

Answer 5

Vernacular was used because the language almost all bibles were written in was Latin before the reformation

Question 6

What is the Protestant reform

Answer 6

A religious movement in the1500s that split the Christian church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches

Question 7

Reasons people were upset with the church

Answer 7

Financial corruption
Abuse of power
Immorality

Question 8

What sparked the reformation

Answer 8

Indulgences

Question 9

How did indulgences spark the reformation and what were they

Answer 9

They wee pardons issued by the pope that people could buy and to reduce a souls time in purgatory so Martin Luther posts the Ninety Five Theses in response

Question 10

Who was Martin Luther

Answer 10

German monk

Professor of theology

Question 11

What three things were big parts of the Renaissance

Answer 11

Arts pottery and architecture

Question 12

What century was the Renaissance in

Answer 12

The 15th

Question 13

Who did Michelangelo make a sculpture of

Answer 13

David

Question 14

What did the Renaissance people want

Answer 14

To unite the classics to their modern world

Question 15

What did Petrarch think

Answer 15

time could be divided up and he thought that people should revive the arts and classics because it was a time of intellectual excitement

Question 16

What things were brought back during the Renaissance

Answer 16

The passion for education and more classical writings

Question 17

Who is Brunei and what did you think

Answer 17

He was the man that lead people towards education. He thought the classics were heroes

Question 18

What became a class

Answer 18

Grammar

Question 19

What did students call their teachers during the Renaissance

Answer 19

Humanists

Question 20

What did a mercenary do during the Renaissance? Why does the term mercenary carry such negative associations or connotations

Answer 20

Mercenaries for people that fought primarily for money they were considered greedy

Question 21

Italian states like Venice and Florence were officially republic. In what sense or the republics in name only

Answer 21

They were a polygarchy
they were run by wealthy merchants and aristocrats though they did technically have a leader
there were 13 families that Ran it
people did get to vote but usually only the people from the starting families could run or get elected

Question 22

How was the burger of the Renaissance somewhere to what today we would call the middle class and how where he or she different

Answer 22

The burger was a remember of the middle class who lives in the city or town they were shopkeepers or artisans and they mostly made a moderate pay just like in today’s society

Question 23

What were some reasons Renaissance humanist writers gave for writing in the vernacular

Answer 23

They would sell more because it was available to the general public not just the rich and the smart

Question 24

How did the fact that Italian artists often painted frescoes on large church walls lead to the development of the technique of perspective

Answer 24

The frescoes added depth to the paintings

Question 25

What are some phrases that describe an aspect of humanism

Answer 25

Value of liberal education revival of classical Greek and Latin Development a well rounded citizens growth of reading public

Question 26

Why were the five major Italian states of Rome Venice and Florence in Naples able to so thoroughly dominant Italian culture during the Renaissance

Answer 26

They had a lot of economic and political power

Question 27

Briefly describe one key difference between the styles of painting developed in Italy and the northern Europe during the Renaissance

Answer 27

In the south they were frescoes and in the north they used a lot of details

Question 28

Why was the course of liberal studies considered the core of humanist schools

Answer 28

The liberal studies were used in schools to enable people to reach their full potential for

Question 29

What did Christine de Pizan think women needed In order to attain levels of learning comparable with men's

Answer 29

To be treated the same intellectually and be able to attend the same school's

Question 30

How did circumstance play a role in the differences between art and Italian and northern churches

Answer 30

Climate, Stainglass windows instead of frescoes

Question 31

Where did Luther nail his 95 theses

Answer 31

To the church door of the cathedral in Wittenberg

Question 32

Luther intended to ______ not _______

Answer 32

Reform the church but not break a way from it

Question 33

In luther's 95 theses he criticized

Answer 33

Indulgences Power of pope Wealth of the church

Question 34

Lutheran view

Answer 34

Gods grace is won by faith alone

Question 35

Catholic view

Answer 35

Gods grace is won by good works

Question 36

What is excommunication

Answer 36

Being expelled from the church

Question 37

Who was excommunicated?

Answer 37

Luther

Question 38

Where did the word Protestant come from

Answer 38

The people were protesting

Question 39

Ulrich Zwingli in Switzerland

Answer 39

Tries to establish a theocracy

Question 40

What (SPECIFICALLY) is a theocracy

Answer 40

A government in which the church and the state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired

Question 41

John Calvin in Switzerland

Answer 41

He worked on the reform idea of predestination

Question 42

Predestination is where

Answer 42

God knows who will be saved even before people are born and therefor guides the lives of those destined for salvation

Question 43

John Knox in England

Answer 43

Created the Presbyterian church

Question 44

What group was known as the group everyone loved to hate

Answer 44

Anabaptists

Question 45

What did the Anabaptists believe

Answer 45

They believe in the complete separation of the church and the state

Question 46

What does it mean when the church is separated from the state

Answer 46

It means secular authority had no rights to rule the Christians

Question 47

What did Anabaptists refuse to do

Answer 47

Refused to say oaths of loyalty and to join armies

Question 48

In England which king began the reformation and what is he know for

Answer 48

King Henry VIII | He had 6 wives so that he could have a male heir

Question 49

The reformation in the parliament led to the ________ which is the __________

Answer 49

Act of supremacy | Supreme head of the Church of England

Question 50

What were some of Henry the eighths lasting effects | In other words who were his two daughters

Answer 50

Queen Mary the first | Queen Elizabeth the first

Question 51

What religion were the two queens of England raised in and what were their nicknames

Answer 51

Mary: catholic, Bloody Mary Elizabeth: Protestant, virgin queen

Question 52

What were the types of Catholics the struck back during the reformation called

Answer 52

The Jesuits

Question 53

Who were the Jesuits formed by

Answer 53

Ignatius of Loyola as the society of Jesus

Question 54

Who did the Jesuits swear complete loyalty to

Answer 54

The pope

Question 55

The Jesuits used _____ as __________

Answer 55

Education as a instrument to spread Catholicism

Question 56

How did the Jesuits use education to spread Catholicism

Answer 56

They founded schools and universities

Question 57

Under the Jesuits there was the _____

Answer 57

Council of Trent

Question 58

The council of Trent ______ and ______

Answer 58

Decides many problems began with huge actions of the renaissance popes They unified the catholic doctrine

Question 59

How did the council of Trent unify the catholic doctrine

Answer 59

They banned the selling of indulgences and reaffirmed good works as mess essay for salvation but more emphasis also was placed on individual faith

Question 60

On the map what do the small boxes suggest about these regions

Answer 60

That they may have a main religion but many other smaller ones also exist

Question 60

In what ways did the growth of Lutheranism and Calvinism affect the cultural geography of Europe

Answer 60

The Catholic Church was no longer tolerant and things like the printing press allowed these religions to make use of it

Question 61

In which part of Europe was the protest at faith the most spread in the 1600s and why

Answer 61

The majority of the western half because of things like printing allowed the religions to be spread. Also if a ruler believed on thing they can spread their influence

Question 62

What would have happened tho Portugal's trade if they had not found a way to sail around the tip of Africa

Answer 62

Their trade wouldn't have grown like it did

Question 63

John Calvin's idea invention or action changed European cultural geography

Answer 63

Protestant ideas were spread via printing, his followers, and missionaries. He also created a theocracy where the government helped the church