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World History > Chapters 15 & 16 > Flashcards

Chapters 15 & 16 Flashcards

0
Q

Erasmus was a __________ and a _______

A

Christian humanist

Believer of free will

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1
Q

Early reformer

A

Erasmus

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2
Q

Erasmus the Christian humanist’s goal was_____and he believed_____

A

To reform Catholic Church from within

He believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves

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3
Q

Erasmus the believer of free will thought it was

A

Predestination

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4
Q

Important developments that aid the reformation and how they helped

A

Printing press because it allowed books to be available to the masses not just the rich

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5
Q

Language barriers and what they were

A

Vernacular was used because the language almost all bibles were written in was Latin before the reformation

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6
Q

What is the Protestant reform

A

A religious movement in the1500s that split the Christian church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches

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7
Q

Reasons people were upset with the church

A

Financial corruption
Abuse of power
Immorality

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8
Q

What sparked the reformation

A

Indulgences

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9
Q

How did indulgences spark the reformation and what were they

A

They wee pardons issued by the pope that people could buy and to reduce a souls time in purgatory so Martin Luther posts the Ninety Five Theses in response

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10
Q

Who was Martin Luther

A

German monk

Professor of theology

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11
Q

What three things were big parts of the Renaissance

A

Arts pottery and architecture

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12
Q

What century was the Renaissance in

A

The 15th

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13
Q

Who did Michelangelo make a sculpture of

A

David

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14
Q

What did the Renaissance people want

A

To unite the classics to their modern world

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15
Q

What did Petrarch think

A

time could be divided up and he thought that people should revive the arts and classics because it was a time of intellectual excitement

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16
Q

What things were brought back during the Renaissance

A

The passion for education and more classical writings

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17
Q

Who is Brunei and what did you think

A

He was the man that lead people towards education. He thought the classics were heroes

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18
Q

What became a class

A

Grammar

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19
Q

What did students call their teachers during the Renaissance

A

Humanists

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20
Q

What did a mercenary do during the Renaissance? Why does the term mercenary carry such negative associations or connotations

A

Mercenaries for people that fought primarily for money they were considered greedy

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21
Q

Italian states like Venice and Florence were officially republic. In what sense or the republics in name only

A

They were a polygarchy
they were run by wealthy merchants and aristocrats though they did technically have a leader
there were 13 families that Ran it
people did get to vote but usually only the people from the starting families could run or get elected

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22
Q

How was the burger of the Renaissance somewhere to what today we would call the middle class and how where he or she different

A

The burger was a remember of the middle class who lives in the city or town they were shopkeepers or artisans and they mostly made a moderate pay just like in today’s society

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23
Q

What were some reasons Renaissance humanist writers gave for writing in the vernacular

A

They would sell more because it was available to the general public not just the rich and the smart

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24
Q

How did the fact that Italian artists often painted frescoes on large church walls lead to the development of the technique of perspective

A

The frescoes added depth to the paintings

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25
Q

What are some phrases that describe an aspect of humanism

A

Value of liberal education
revival of classical Greek and Latin
Development a well rounded citizens
growth of reading public

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26
Q

Why were the five major Italian states of Rome Venice and Florence in Naples able to so thoroughly dominant Italian culture during the Renaissance

A

They had a lot of economic and political power

27
Q

Briefly describe one key difference between the styles of painting developed in Italy and the northern Europe during the Renaissance

A

In the south they were frescoes and in the north they used a lot of details

28
Q

Why was the course of liberal studies considered the core of humanist schools

A

The liberal studies were used in schools to enable people to reach their full potential for

29
Q

What did Christine de Pizan think women needed In order to attain levels of learning comparable with men’s

A

To be treated the same intellectually and be able to attend the same school’s

30
Q

How did circumstance play a role in the differences between art and Italian and northern churches

A

Climate, Stainglass windows instead of frescoes

31
Q

Where did Luther nail his 95 theses

A

To the church door of the cathedral in Wittenberg

32
Q

Luther intended to ______ not _______

A

Reform the church but not break a way from it

33
Q

In luther’s 95 theses he criticized

A

Indulgences
Power of pope
Wealth of the church

34
Q

Lutheran view

A

Gods grace is won by faith alone

35
Q

Catholic view

A

Gods grace is won by good works

36
Q

What is excommunication

A

Being expelled from the church

37
Q

Who was excommunicated?

A

Luther

38
Q

Where did the word Protestant come from

A

The people were protesting

39
Q

Ulrich Zwingli in Switzerland

A

Tries to establish a theocracy

40
Q

What (SPECIFICALLY) is a theocracy

A

A government in which the church and the state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired

41
Q

John Calvin in Switzerland

A

He worked on the reform idea of predestination

42
Q

Predestination is where

A

God knows who will be saved even before people are born and therefor guides the lives of those destined for salvation

43
Q

John Knox in England

A

Created the Presbyterian church

44
Q

What group was known as the group everyone loved to hate

A

Anabaptists

45
Q

What did the Anabaptists believe

A

They believe in the complete separation of the church and the state

46
Q

What does it mean when the church is separated from the state

A

It means secular authority had no rights to rule the Christians

47
Q

What did Anabaptists refuse to do

A

Refused to say oaths of loyalty and to join armies

48
Q

In England which king began the reformation and what is he know for

A

King Henry VIII

He had 6 wives so that he could have a male heir

49
Q

The reformation in the parliament led to the ________ which is the __________

A

Act of supremacy

Supreme head of the Church of England

50
Q

What were some of Henry the eighths lasting effects

In other words who were his two daughters

A

Queen Mary the first

Queen Elizabeth the first

51
Q

What religion were the two queens of England raised in and what were their nicknames

A

Mary: catholic, Bloody Mary
Elizabeth: Protestant, virgin queen

52
Q

What were the types of Catholics the struck back during the reformation called

A

The Jesuits

53
Q

Who were the Jesuits formed by

A

Ignatius of Loyola as the society of Jesus

54
Q

Who did the Jesuits swear complete loyalty to

A

The pope

55
Q

The Jesuits used _____ as __________

A

Education as a instrument to spread Catholicism

56
Q

How did the Jesuits use education to spread Catholicism

A

They founded schools and universities

57
Q

Under the Jesuits there was the _____

A

Council of Trent

58
Q

The council of Trent ______ and ______

A

Decides many problems began with huge actions of the renaissance popes

They unified the catholic doctrine

59
Q

How did the council of Trent unify the catholic doctrine

A

They banned the selling of indulgences and reaffirmed good works as mess essay for salvation but more emphasis also was placed on individual faith

60
Q

On the map what do the small boxes suggest about these regions

A

That they may have a main religion but many other smaller ones also exist

60
Q

In what ways did the growth of Lutheranism and Calvinism affect the cultural geography of Europe

A

The Catholic Church was no longer tolerant and things like the printing press allowed these religions to make use of it

61
Q

In which part of Europe was the protest at faith the most spread in the 1600s and why

A

The majority of the western half because of things like printing allowed the religions to be spread. Also if a ruler believed on thing they can spread their influence

62
Q

What would have happened tho Portugal’s trade if they had not found a way to sail around the tip of Africa

A

Their trade wouldn’t have grown like it did

63
Q

John Calvin’s idea invention or action changed European cultural geography

A

Protestant ideas were spread via printing, his followers, and missionaries. He also created a theocracy where the government helped the church

World History (13 decks)

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