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World History > Chapter 17 and 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 and 18 Flashcards

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0
Q

How was hold a motivation for exploration

A

Increase trade profits and to find gold

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1
Q

The three g’s

A

Gold
Glory
God

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2
Q

How was glory a motivation for exploration

A

Sense of adventure

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3
Q

How was god a motivation for exploration

A

Spanish explorers were mandated to make sure that the indigenous people were “introduced into and instructed in the holy Catholic faith”

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4
Q

What was a caraver

A

A Portuguese ship that is faster than traditional sailing vessel with a large cargo hold for carrying goods

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5
Q

What was a lanteen sails

A

(Aka triangle sails) that allowed ships to sail against the wind. This design was adopted from the Muslims

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6
Q

Where was the magnet compass invented and adopted

A

It was first invented in China. It was first adopted by muslim sailors and later the west

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7
Q

How many men did hernan Cortes have

A

550

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8
Q

Who were the first people conquered by the Spanish during the Spanish conquistadors

A

Aztecs

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9
Q

At first Cortes is welcomed by the Aztec emperor ________. But eventually the Spanish take him hostage and do what?

A

Montezuma

Sack the city

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10
Q

How many men did the leader Francisco Pizarro

A

180

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11
Q

The Spanish took advantage of what when the quickly conquered the inca empire

A

The ongoing civil war

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12
Q

What was the second group conquered

A

Incas

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13
Q

Why were these places so easily conquered by the Spanish

A

Technology and disease

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14
Q

What types of technologies did the Spanish use

A

Steel weapons
Firearms
Canons
Horses

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16
Q

How were diseases used to easily conquer the people

A

Indigenous people had no immunity for western diseases the Spanish brought like small pox and typhus

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17
Q

England established dominance where?

A

in the Atlantic Coast of North America from florida to greenland

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18
Q

England established

A

colonies

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19
Q

the Netherlands was quickly overrun by

A

the English (New York)

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20
Q

Netherlands established

A

trading posts

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21
Q

france took dominance in

A

Quebec and Lousiana

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22
Q

france established

A

trading posts that become colonies later

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23
Q

what nation was marco polo from and what were his “regions”

A

Venice

“exotic East”

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24
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Spain

Mexico

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25
Q

Prince Henry

A

Portugal

western coast of africa

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26
Q

Bartholemew Dias

A

Portugal

cape of good hope

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27
Q

vasca de gama

A

Portugal

indian coast

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28
Q

Albuquerque

A

Portugal

Gao, India; Melaka

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29
Q

Columbus

A

Spain

Americas, Caribbean, Honduras

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30
Q

Magellan

A

Spain

Philippines

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31
Q

john cabot

A 
Vietnam
new England (America)
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32
Q

pedro cabral

A

Portugal

South America

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33
Q

Amergio Vespucci

A

Florence

America

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34
Q

Pizzaro

A

Spain

Inca

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35
Q

What was mercantilism

A

a set of principles that held that of prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver. Also, a national economic policy that says that a nation benefits by accumulating monetary reserves through positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods

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36
Q

what is a colony

A

a settlement of people living in a new territory linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control

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37
Q

what was the Columbian exchange

A

the widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, technology, and new ideas between the Americas and the Afro-Eurasian hemisphere

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38
Q

Why did Europeans need a replacement to work their mines and plantations

A

the natives were dying off due to disease and mistreatment

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39
Q

who did the Europeans use as replacements

A

African slaves

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40
Q

The middle passage…

A

carried slaves from Africa to the New World on the middle “leg” of the triangle trade between Europe, Africa, and the New World.

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41
Q

what was the social order in Colonial Latin America

A 
Peninsulare
Creole
Mestizo
Mulattoe
Africans and Natives
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42
Q

What was a peninsulare

A

a person born on the Iberian peninsula; typically a Spanish/Portuguese official who resides in Latin America for political or economic gain and then returned to Europe

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43
Q

Creole

A

person of European decent born in Latin America and living there permanently

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44
Q

Mestizos

A

People of European and native American ancestry

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45
Q

mulattoes

A

people of European and African ancestry

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46
Q

Africans and native

A

slaves and or free with very few rights

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47
Q

In the beginning the catholic church is given…

A

great leeway in the New World by the Spanish and Portuguese

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48
Q

In latin America the catholic church was determined to…

A

Christianize, civilize, and educate the Native Americans

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49
Q

Later there were conflicts over?

A

the catholic church privileges and rights

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50
Q

Spain: religion

A

Militant catholic

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51
Q

Spain: government

A

King Philip II

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52
Q

Spain: conflicts

A

Expelled Spanish Jews and conquered Muslim areas

Philip tried to strengthen his rule but the Netherlands resisted

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53
Q

What was the Spanish Armada

A

A powerful set of ship that Spain sent in an attempt to reconquered England for Catholicism. While trying to do this a storm wrecked all of the ships

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54
Q

England: government

A

Queen Elizabeth (Tudor) I brought stability and she respected Catholics even though she was preyed rant

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55
Q

England: religion

A

Queen was Protestant but tolerated Catholicism

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56
Q

England: conflicts

A

The queen couldn’t escape conflicts with Spain and that is when the Spanish Armada came

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57
Q

France: government

A

Henry IV

58
Q

France: conflicts

A

Catholics vs. Huguenots

59
Q

France: religion

A

Henry IV placed the edict in Nantes

60
Q

What was the edict of Nantes

A

It’s made Catholicism the official language of France but Huguenot (Protestant) had political privileges too

61
Q

What got Henry killed and why

A

The edict of Nantes because his compromise was seen as weak. Rulers who are weak aren’t in power very long

62
Q

England was _____

A

Protestant

63
Q

Spain was _____

A

Militant catholic

64
Q

What cause the religious conflicts between England and Spain

A

The mixing of political and religious ideas

65
Q

What fueled the French civil war of the 16th century

A

The threat that there might be violence and s civil war. Also, political and religious threats

66
Q

How was Europe affected by the social and economic crises in the 17th century

A

The loss of many Muslims and Jewish merchants made the economy go down (Spain)

67
Q

What lead to the 30 years war

A

Increase in food prices

68
Q

Who was the target in the 30 years war

A

Civilians

69
Q

What is the circle that happens when war comes

A

War
Famine
disease

70
Q

Which of Elizabeth 1st’s cousins took over the english throne in 1603

A

James Stuart (previously James VI of Scotland) he became James the first

71
Q

Why did James the first take over for Elizabeth

A

She had no heir to the throne

72
Q

James the first had problems with

A

Parliament

73
Q

James and parliament fought over

A

Money and religion

74
Q

James issued the first retranslation of what book in the last 200 years

A

Bible

75
Q

Charles the first inherited the throne from who in 1625

A

His father James the first

76
Q

Charles fought with parliament over ____ because

A

Money because he needed funding for wars in France and Spain

77
Q

Charles did what to parliament when he didn’t get his first way

A

Dissolved parliament

78
Q

The petition of rights was signed by _______ in exchange for _______

A

Charles the first for funding

79
Q

Which basic liberties did the PoR guarantee?

A

Only parliament could levy taxes
No martial law during peace time
The rule of habeas corpus
Soldiers can’t be quartered in private homes

80
Q

What is habeas corpus

A

Prisoners could not be held indefinitely with out trial; they had the right to go before a judge and hear charges

81
Q

After signing the PoR what did Charles do and attempt to rule as

A

He ignores the PoR and attempts to rule as an absolute monarch

82
Q

Cromwell established a ____ govt. with a constitution written by _____

A

Republican

John lambert

83
Q

Cromwell ripped up the constitution and ________

A

Became dictator aka lord protector

84
Q

Cromwell and the Puritan revolution: he tried to create a _____

A

Puritan society in England

85
Q

Cromwell attempted to purify it by banning sinful activities including

A

Dancing
Sports
Theater

86
Q

There was some religious tolerance for

A

Jews and Christians

87
Q

protestants wanted to get rid of what they saw as _____

A

catholic elements in the church of England

88
Q

Charles I wanted to keep _______ as it was

A

the Anglican (English) church

89
Q

Charles I wanted to make religion _______

A

universal throughout England and Scotland

90
Q

Charles I tries to arrest leader of _____ but _____

A

parliament but they got away

91
Q

Royalists

A

aka Cavaliers

Charles I’s supporters

92
Q

Puritans

A

aka round heads

Parliament’s supporters who were lead by Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army.

93
Q

in 1649 Charles I brought to trial and was _____ for _____

A

beheaded for treason against parliament

94
Q

Charles being executed was a ____________

A

dramatic challenge to the concept of absolute monarch

95
Q

a monarch was not “_____” because _____

A

“the state” because he or she was subjected to the laws of the state

96
Q

the civil war ( aka _____) was actually ______

A

puritan revolution

several separate civil wars

97
Q

Charles II (son of Charles I) defeated by ______

A

Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army

98
Q

Under Christians, who was and wasn’t tolerated

A

Protestants=yes

Catholics=no

99
Q

Jews had been expelled since

A

1290

100
Q

Who let the Jews back into England

A

Cromwell

101
Q

When did Oliver Cromwell die and his son _______ briefly ruled

A

1658

Richard Cromwell

102
Q

Parliament invited who’s son to be king after Cromwell’s son ruled

A

Charles I’s son

103
Q

The restoration was….

A

The period when the Stuart dynasty (under Charles II was restored to power)

104
Q

In 1679 Charles II agreed to right to writ of _________ from earlier _______

A

Habeas Corpus from earlier petition of rights

105
Q

Charles died in 1685 and had no

A

Legitimate heir

106
Q

The first political parties in parliament debated who would be ______ after Charles II died

A

The heir to the throne

107
Q

Who where the two political parties

A

Tories and the Whigs

108
Q

Who are the Tories

A

The people who supported Charles II brother James who was a catholic

109
Q

Who are the Whigs

A

People who didn’t want a catholic monarch

110
Q

Who came to the throne in 1685 when Charles the second died

A

James II

111
Q

How many years did James the second rule

A

Three years

112
Q

James put who in power

A

Catholics

113
Q

James did what to parliament when it objected

A

Dissolved

114
Q

James was married ______

A

Twice

115
Q

James II was married to first ______ a _____ and later to ______ who was a ______.

A

Anne Hyde
Protestant
Mary of Modena
Catholic

116
Q

With Anne Hyde James II had two daughters _____ and _____ who were raised ______. ____ married _________

A 
Mary
Anne
Protestant
Mary
William of Orange
117
Q

With Mary of Modena James had a son named

A

James Francis Edward Stuart

118
Q

Parliament was scared ________ would rule England

A

Catholic monarchs

119
Q

Some members of parliament offered the throne to James II daughter ______ and her husband William

A

Mary

120
Q

James the second fled to

A

France

121
Q

England eventually became a

A

Constitutional monarchy

122
Q

A monarchs power was _____ and Mary and William _______ to these changes

A

Limited by law

Consented

123
Q

The English bill of rights said these four things

A

No taxation with out consent from parliament

Monarch could not suspend laws of parliament

Freedom of speech for parliamentary debates

citizens free to petition the monarch regarding grievances

124
Q

Both Hobbes and Locke

A

Believed in social contract

125
Q

What was social contract

A

An agreement between individuals and their government about rights in society

126
Q

Hobbes supported _____ and said the people are ________ and he wrote the ______

A

Monarchies (kings)
Inherently selfish and evil
Leviathan

127
Q

According to Hobbes

A

The only right people have to protect their own lives

All rights to everything are trusted to king

All people are inherently savages and cannot be trusted in decision making as a group

128
Q

Hobbes’ impact

A

He influenced supporters in Europe

129
Q

Locke said people have the rights that are ______ like ______ and government leaders only exist to protect these rights

A

Above that or the good of society

Life liberty and property

130
Q

Locked impact was that

A

He claimed no thing as absolute power and parliament, lawmaking body of England, listened to him

131
Q

Locke’s main point

A

A ruler who denies people their basic rights is a tyrant and can justly be overthrown

132
Q

Louis XIV was an example of absolutism because

A

When he said something he expected EVERYONE to follow it. He ruled as he wanted and had control of pretty much everything in France which made him “all powerful”

133
Q

Russia and Austria emerged as counties when

A

They “gobble” up their neighbors after the 39 years war. They were opportunists

134
Q

Peter the great conquered ______________ and ______________. He created _________ so he could _____.

A

Tribal people to the east and wanted to be like the west. He created a new capital (St. Petersburg) on the Baltic Sea so he could increase trade with the west

135
Q

Name two painters and their country of origin

A

El Greco Venice

Artemisia gentileschi Italy

136
Q

Name two architects and the city of origin

A

Gian Lorenzo Bernini Vatican City, ROME

Caravaggio Italy

137
Q

Name two architects and their city of origin

A

Johann Sebastian Bach Germany

George Frederick Handle Germany

138
Q

Name to people of literature and their country of origin

A

Shakespeare London, England

Miguel de Lervantes Spain

139
Q

Copernicus discovered

A

that the sun was at the center of the universe

140
Q

Kepler discovered

A

planets orbit in egg-shaped elliptical and that the sun is not in the center of this ellipse

141
Q

Galileo discovered

A

mtns on moon
4 moons of Jupiter
sunspots
planets are a material substance

142
Q

Newton discovered

A

three laws of motion and universal gravitiation

gravity

World History (13 decks)

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