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CNE > Rome > Flashcards

Rome Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Romans think Rome was founded and by whom?

A

753 BCE by Romulus and Remus

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2
Q

When did the Greeks think Rome was founded and by whom?

A

Trojan war was 1200 BCE; by Aeneas’ descendants

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3
Q

When does Roman literature begin?

A

250 BCE

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4
Q

When is the earliest written evidence of Rome?

A

600 BCE

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5
Q

Eponymous founder

A

Romulus to Rome

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6
Q

What city did Aeneas found?

A

Abalonga

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7
Q

When did the Romulus/Remus myths start?

A

350-300 BCE

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8
Q

When did the Roman republic begin?

A

509 BCE

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9
Q

How many kings did Rome have?

A

7

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10
Q

Who were the last there kings of Rome?

A

Tarquinius Priscus, Seruius Tullius, ans Tarquinius Superbus

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11
Q

Tarquinia

A

City north of Rome; part of Etruscan land; Fusion of Italians and Italian invaders, sophisticated and advanced

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12
Q

How did the Romans envision themselves starting?

A

Noble but unimportant, slowly corrupted by imported goods

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13
Q

How was Rome in the time period of the kings?

A

Important and major player in the Med. world

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14
Q

How did Etruscans come to rule Rome?

A

Upper classes were fiends with each other, they may have joined the upper class of Rome

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15
Q

La Grande Roma dei Tarquinius

A

1979 catalog which proved Rome was an important city in the 7th and 6th centuries

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16
Q

When were there evidence of huts at Rome and what does this mean?

A

700 BCE, Rome grew fast (hella)

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17
Q

Tiber river

A

Connects with ocean and goes through Rome and Etruscan territory; 2 islands in the middle; Ferries and bridges could cross the river

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18
Q

Area around Rome

A

Latium

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19
Q

Etruscan culture

A

Rich and advanced

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20
Q

Capitoline hill

A

Foot of: early port; Temple under current water level; Capitolium: temple on the hill

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21
Q

Archaic temple at the foot of the Capitoline

A

One temple with two newer ones on top of it; Later temples were based of this one; on podium to prevent flooding; oldest evidence of writing here; religious site; arguably earliest Italian style temple; Early Rome was important

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22
Q

When was the Roman Republic started?

A

509 BCE

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23
Q

Res Publica

A

“The public thing” or “commonwealth”

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24
Q

Dual consulship

A

Annual magistracy; Veto each other; Elected; Patricians were eligible for office at first

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25
Q

Patrician

A

Hereditary body of families

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26
Q

Plebeians

A

Lower class, not patricians, barred from office

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27
Q

Low level warfare in early Rome

A

Booty raiding, common, eventually developed into a military organization with the wealthy being armed and on the front lines and social status contributing to how much you fight. However, lined blurred and wealthier Plebs could arm themselves and fight

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28
Q

More complicated warfare

A

Military service was no longer tied to how well you could arm yourself and Plebs fought more so started calling for equality

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29
Q

Magistracies

A

Higher offices which had quasi religious power

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30
Q

10 tribunes

A

Elected from Plebeians, could not be touched by anyone, vetoed consuls, annual office

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31
Q

Sacrosanct

A

No on can touch you

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32
Q

Provocatio

A

“call forth” Tribune can help someone and step between them and a Patrician hurting them

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33
Q

Intercessio

A

Step between

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34
Q

Struggle of the Orders

A

Ongoing battle touring concessions from the Patricians

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35
Q

Sextio Licinian Rogations

A

One consul must be Pleb; 367-366 BCE

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36
Q

Lex Hortensia

A

Makes decrees of the assembly of the Plebeians binding upon all Romans; 287 BCE

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37
Q

Why did people want to be consul

A

Triangle of good things: Money, status, and military command; Heightened competition for the office

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38
Q

Battle of the Allia

A

Rome loses to the Gauls and they capture Rome; 390 BCE

39
Q

Meus hostilis

A

Fear of the enemy; People were terrified after the Battle of Allia of leaving their backs unguarded so they start conquering everyone to make sure their backs were never unguarded

40
Q

Mithridates VI Eupator

A

Coordinated attacks on Romans and killed a lot of people; cut off access to the far east; 88 BCE

41
Q

Pompeius “Pompey” Magnus

A

Plebeian general; 66 BCE-attacks Mithridates; despised by aristocrats; climbed his way to the top; Used a tribune to bring a law to the Pleb assembly to give him command against Mithridates; bought his election; stopped M; allies self with Julius Caesar and Licinius Crassus; gets jealous of JC’s power, killed and Caesar rules

42
Q

Tricaranus

A

3 headed monster; Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus; united in 59 BCE

43
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Young aristocrat; Gets elected with help of the other two; Does illegal stuff in office for them; gets the governship of Gaul; marches on Rome in 49 BCE; becomes dictator

44
Q

Licinius Crassus

A

Helps other two; dies

45
Q

End of the Republic date

A

49 BCE

46
Q

New aristocracy

A

Combo of Patricians and Plebs elected to consulship

47
Q

Etruscans

A

1st big civilization in Italy, Modern day Tuscany, grew out of Villanovans, Italics, international contacts, flourish in 7th and 6th centuries, some Roman kings were Etruscan, had temples

48
Q

Etruscan temples

A

Influenced by Greek architecture, influenced later Roman temples, wood and stone, high podiums, emphasize front, gabled roof with decorations, own deities linked to the Greek ones, no nudity

49
Q

Nacropolies

A

Cities of the dead; In vallies, looked house-like, homes with stone bases covered in dirt, family tombs of the wealthy, sarcophagi, inner walls: happy, banqueting, athletics, parties, roofs look like canopies, nude servants, women had high status (Dined with men), leopards (Tomb of Leopards)

50
Q

Etruscan sarcophagi

A

Fancy, kline, banqueting or sleeping, emphasized upper parts of the body

51
Q

Kline

A

Couch/bench, used to recline on when you dine

52
Q

Republican Rome

A

2nd-1st centuries; Rome wins Punic Wars and has growing pains

53
Q

Rome after Punic wars

A

Growing pains; goes from growing city to empire but refuses to change their government, causes civil wars

54
Q

Political art during electoral times

A

Politicians would have art made depicting them

55
Q

Aule Mete

A

Statue of politician found in an Etruscan city giving a political speech, normal body, middle-age

56
Q

Middle-age Roman ideal

A

Youth=inexperience and age=wisdom and political office

57
Q

Verism

A

“truthfulness”, head of old man, shows new Roman ideal, Patricians want to hold onto the old ways

58
Q

Temple of Portunus

A

Made by generals wanting to run for office, built stuff with money from war to increase their prestige, Greek and Etruscan influences to make the Roman style, built with concrete

59
Q

Building with concrete

A

Cheap, strong, kinds set underwater, but hid it with stone

60
Q

Roman Architectural Revolution

A

Arch and concrete

61
Q

Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia

A

Damaged today, important sanctuary, all concrete, terraced, barrel vaults, landscape architecture

62
Q

Domestic architecture

A

Pompeii, Forum, Grid, Atrium house

63
Q

Forum

A

Large, open space lined by buildings with a temple at one end and government buildings

64
Q

Grid

A

Organized into blocks

65
Q

Atrium houses

A

Houses for the wealthy, public and private parts, entry, places of clients, paintings, pool, decorations

66
Q

Triclinium

A

Dining rooms, lined with couches, big deal to be invited to dine here

67
Q

Tablinum

A

Where the master of the house would meet people

68
Q

Wax masks of ancestors

A

Status display

69
Q

4 styles of paintings

A

1st is simple, 2nd is architectural, 3rd and 4th are later chronologically

70
Q

Civil war after death of Caesar

A

Octavian vs Mark Antony and Cleopatra

71
Q

What does Octavian do once he is in power

A

Kills his political enemies, tries to distance himself for the was, changes his name, says he is restoring the Republic, creates propaganda

72
Q

Octavian’s propaganda

A

Aeneid, Portrait of himself, buildings, etc..

73
Q

Portrait of Octavian

A

Referencing Polykleitos (Spear bearer/Greek statue), looks young, Rome=High classical Athens, Golden Age, has clothes and armor, orator pose, close cropped hair and cowlick like Alex the Great, distinctive face, Cupid (Lineage from Venus)

74
Q

Armor of portrait of Octavian

A

Scene of return of Parthian standards in a diplomatic victory

75
Q

Parthian wars

A

53 BCE, Roman loss

76
Q

Return of standards

A

20 BCE, negotiated by Augustus/Octavian

77
Q

1st Emperor

A

Augustus

78
Q

Pax Romana

A

Roman peace (golden age ushered in by Augustus)

79
Q

Ara Pacis Augustae

A

Altar of Augustine Peace; A procession commemorating Augustine peace ended here; made of marble, emphasized piety; Box of reliefs around the alter

80
Q

Reliefs around the Ara Pacis Augustae

A

Detailed, delicate, plants, orchids, animals, symbols of fertility, festival scenes mimicking those at the Parthenon, imperial family, Aeneas and Trojans, Personifications of maternal figure (Rome, Earth, or Peace) that are fertile with Remus and Romulus on her lap, and the winds and sky sitting beside her

81
Q

Aqueducts

A

Built everywhere, from mountains to cities, hard to build, had to build bridges for (Arches, water proof concrete, military constructed them (Peace frees up military))

82
Q

Flavian amphitheater

A

Colosseum; Falvian built it over Nero’s golden palace to move away from reign of Nero, gladiators, arches, columns, retractable cloth roof, trap doors, underground rooms, elevators, etc…

83
Q

Amphitheater

A

Two Greek theaters smashed together

84
Q

Arch of Titus

A

80 CE; Republican style monument; huge victory celebrated; triumphal arch to remember the victory; for the emperor; concrete; gives inscription of victory; celebrates destruction and raid of Jewish temple; 3D reliefs, Titus looking down at you riding on eagle (divine)

85
Q

High empire

A

96-192 CE; largest it will be; Really good emperors

86
Q

Trajan

A

Last “good emperor”; Marks high pt of empire; good guy; builds forum with a basilica and a column with Dacian campaigns that look like scrolls, he is buried here

87
Q

Pantheon

A

Building to all gods; built by Hadrian; redid building by Marcus Agrippa (Leaves the inscription); dome; converted to a church; concrete which gets lighter as you go up; largest interior space until St. Peter’s; top open

88
Q

Late Empire

A

193-337 CE; soldier emperors

89
Q

3rd century struggles

A

Corrupt and brutal emperors from the military; border conflicts; economic collapse

90
Q

Diocletian

A

Forms Tetrarchy

91
Q

Tetrarchy

A

Rule of 4, divided into E and W, 4 capitals, 4 emperors, Augustus and Caesar, each rule 10 years, but people don’t want to give up their power and it fails

92
Q

Carculla

A

Depicts himself as a mean soldier

93
Q

Constantine

A

Unites empire, moves capital to Byzantium, gets whole new Senate, builds Christian churches, arch in Rome (triumphal): 3 archways, entirely of reused materials, took artwork from good emperors and a new style for his own reliefs

CNE (19 decks)

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