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CNE > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Neolithic period?

A

8,000 BCE

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2
Q

What was the Neolithic period?

A

The ag revolution

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3
Q

When was the Early Dynastic(Sumerian) Period?

A

3,000-2,300 BCE

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4
Q

What happened during the Early Dynastic Period?

A

Language developed
Cities developed
Highly stratified society
Made monumental architecture

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5
Q

When was the Akkadian period?

A

2300-2100 BCE

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6
Q

What was the Akkadian Period like?

A

Military emphasis

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7
Q

When was the 3rd Dynasty of Ur(Neo-Sumerians)?

A

2100-2000 BCE

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8
Q

What was the 3rd Dynasty of Ur like?

A

First law codes
Sumerian Renaissance
Economic boom
Religious Piety

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9
Q

When was the Babylonia era?

A

2000-1595 BCE

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10
Q

What was the Babylonian era like?

A

Strong rulers

Large empire

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11
Q

When was the Assyrian period?

A

1350-626 BCE

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12
Q

What was the Assyrian era like?

A

Military emphasis
Return of Akkadian ideals
Strong empire

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13
Q

When was the Neo-Babylonian period?

A

626-539 BCE

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14
Q

What was the Neo-Babylonian era like?

A

Reconstruction of Babylon

Displaced other societies

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15
Q

When was the Persian empire?

A

550-331 BCE

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16
Q

What was the Persian empire like?

A

Expansion of empire
Conflict in Aegean
Satrapies(states)
International effort for the palace

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17
Q

When was Early Dynastic Egypt?

A

3000-2650 BCE

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18
Q

What was Early Dynastic Egypt like?

A

Separated king
Invention of hieroglyphics
Complex royal tombs
Pit graves & mastabas

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19
Q

When was the Old Kingdom?

A

2650-2100 BCE

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20
Q

What was the Old Kingdom like?

A

Kings with absolute divinity
Pyramid era
Central Government
Golden age

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21
Q

When was the 1st IP?

A

2100-2000 BCE

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22
Q

What was the 1st IP like?

A

break down of central government

competing kings

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23
Q

When was the Middle Kingdom?

A

2000-1650 BCE

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24
Q

What was the Middle Kingdom like?

A

Reunification of Egypt
Reuse of Old Kingdom monuments
Growth of army

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25
Q

When was the 2nd IP?

A

1650-1500 BCE

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26
Q

What was the 2nd IP like?

A

70 kings in 100 years
Hyksos rule
Introduction of the horse, wheel, etc…

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27
Q

When was the New Kingdom?

A

1500-1100 BCE

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28
Q

What was the New Kingdom like?

A 
Wealth
International interaction
Pharaohs
Standing army
Amarna revolution
Ramesside Period
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29
Q

When was the 3rd IP?

A

1100-700 BCE

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30
Q

What was the 3rd IP like?

A

Egypt is divided

Kings rule south, priests rule north

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31
Q

When was the Amarna Period?

A

1390-1350 BCE

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32
Q

What was the Amarna Period like?

A

Capital moved to Amarna
Cult of Aten
Akhenaten rules

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33
Q

When was the royal cemetery at Ur discovered?

A

1920 CE

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34
Q

When was Babylon established as the capital?

A

1894 BCE

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35
Q

When was Babylon sacked by the Hittites?

A

1595 BCE

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36
Q

When did Alexander the Great take over?

A

331 BCE

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37
Q

When was the battle of Qadesh?

A

1274 BCE

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38
Q

Basic plot of the Enuma Elish

A

Ea defeats Apsu, Marduk defeats Ea, Kingu fails to defeat Marduk, Marduk creates humans out of Kingu

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39
Q

Basic plot of the Atrahasis

A

Gods are doing labor and fighting about it, gods create humans, humans are too noisy, gods flood humans, but Atrahasis builds a boat and is saved. Humans rebel, refuse to sacrifice. This is the relationship between gods and people

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40
Q

Basic plot of the Epic of Gilgamesh

A

Gilgamesh is a terrible king, the gods make Enkidu to befriend him, they become friends, piss off Ishtar, she kills Enkidu, Gilgamesh searches for immortality, then accepts his mortality

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41
Q

Basic plot of the Descent of Ishtar to the Underworld

A

Ishtar goes to the underworld in place of her husband, Dumuzi, returns to find him on her throne, sends him to the underworld

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42
Q

Fertile crescent

A

Between Tigris and Euphrates

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43
Q

Marshlands

A

Where the rivers flood

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44
Q

How long is the Nile?

A

4,000 miles

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45
Q

Cataract

A

rapid

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46
Q

Kemet

A

“black land”; fertile soil

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47
Q

Desheret

A

“red land”; desert

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48
Q

Urban Revolution

A

Development of city-states

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49
Q

Redistributive Economy

A

All goods are are brought to the temple and rationed between people at different levels of society

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50
Q

city-state

A

Independent cities that rule themselves

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51
Q

hierarchal society

A 
leveled society: 
king/priest
priest(ess)
bureaucracy
craftsmen
laborers
farmers
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52
Q

irrigation farming

A

Bring water to crops

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53
Q

seed plow

A

planting tool for farming; pulled by animals

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54
Q

cuneiform

A

wedge-shaped writing

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55
Q

hieroglyphics

A

sacred writing

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56
Q

Hieratic

A

cursive writing

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57
Q

Law codes

A

tell people how to live; Ur-Nammu & Hammurabi

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58
Q

When was the Systems collapse?

A

1200 BCE

59
Q

Systems collapse

A

Disruptions all over Mediterranean: New kingdom ends, massive emigration of refugees from waves, Israelites move to Canaan, Troy falls, etc…

60
Q

Polytheism

A

belief in many gods

61
Q

Monolatry/ Henathiesm

A

belief one god, don’t deny the existence of others

62
Q

Sacred Marriage

A

Dumuzi as the king and Inanna as the priestess have sex

63
Q

Ziggurat

A

stepped pyramids/ temples

64
Q

votive

A

offering

65
Q

cult statue

A

Statue of deity

66
Q

stele

A

upright slab

67
Q

Divination

A

means of telling the future

68
Q

Heka

A

force that connects humans with the divine (Egypt)

69
Q

Ma’at

A

goddess of justice/ order (Egypt)

70
Q

Nome

A

state (Egypt)

71
Q

Nomarch

A

governor

72
Q

Upper Egypt

A

Southern Egypt (culture that prevails)

73
Q

Lower Egypt

A

Northern Egypt, delta area

74
Q

Land of Punt

A

land near Egypt where Hatshepsut travelled, relief of her are found there

75
Q

Hyksos

A

“rulers of foreign lands”; bring inventions to Egypt

76
Q

Pyramid

A

Tombs for kings

77
Q

Ka

A

life force

78
Q

serdab

A

room for Ka statue

79
Q

Mastaba

A

trapezoid structure above tomb

80
Q

Hathor

A

goddess of sky, love, and fertility

81
Q

Isis

A

goddess of heaven

82
Q

Horus

A

Son of Isis and Osiris, linked to king, depicted as hawk

83
Q

Seth

A

god of desert, storm, and violence

84
Q

Osiris

A

god of underworld and mummification

85
Q

Ma’at

A

god of justice/ order

86
Q

Ra/Re

A

Sun god, travels across sky and battle serpent

87
Q

Amun

A

Sun god

88
Q

Aten

A

Sun god

89
Q

Ptah

A

god of crafts, creates humans

90
Q

Khnum

A

god of the Nile

91
Q

Atrahasis

A

Man who survived the flood; became divine

92
Q

Enlil

A

god of kings

93
Q

Anu

A

Sky god

94
Q

Ishtar/Inanna

A

goddess of lust and fertility

95
Q

Utnapishtim

A

Who Gilgamesh seeks out; became immortal

96
Q

Enkidu

A

Made by gods, companion to Gilgamesh

97
Q

Gilgamesh

A

King of Uruk, 2/3 god

98
Q

Shamash

A

goddess of justice

99
Q

Ereshkigal

A

goddess of underworld

100
Q

Marduk

A

Victorious god, deity of Babylon

101
Q

Sargon

A

Akkadian King, created 1st empire, rules as a god

102
Q

Naram-Sin

A

Grandson of Sargon, called himself: “King of 4 quarters” “god of Akkad”, defeated Lullabi

103
Q

Ur-Nammu

A

Neo-Sumerian King, does not say he’s divine, 1st law code

104
Q

Hammurabi

A

Babylonian king; expands empire; creates law code

105
Q

Assurnasirpal

A

Assyrian king; grew military

106
Q

Sargon II

A

Assyrian king; founds capital at Dur Sharrukin; new style of militaristic art; builds a citadel

107
Q

Assurbanirpal

A

Assyrian king, conquers Egypt; builds palace at Nineveh; hunted lions

108
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

Persian king; founds greatest ancient empire

109
Q

Darius III

A

Persian King; defeated by Alexander the Great

110
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Macedonian who takes over the Ancient World

111
Q

Ptolemy

A

Macedonian general; Takes over Egypt after Alexander’s death

112
Q

Narmer/Menes

A

Unites Upper and Lower Egypt, was king of Upper Egypt

113
Q

Djoser

A

King, commissioned first step pyramid

114
Q

Imhotep

A

Architect who designed the 1st pyramid; deified as the god of medicine

115
Q

Khufu

A

King; biggest pyramid

116
Q

Khafre

A

Son of Khufu; smaller pyramid; made the sphinx

117
Q

Menkaure

A

Son of Khafre; smallest pyramid; made statue of him and his queen as equals

118
Q

Akhenaten

A

King; head priest of Aten; outlaws other gods

119
Q

Nefertiti

A

Akhenaten’s queen; high priestess

120
Q

Ramses II

A

“The Great” regains Egyptian empire; makes an army of 100,000; battle of Qadesh

121
Q

Battle of Qadesh

A

Keep Hittites in check
Battle of Levant
Stalemate, Ramses II claims victory
Peace treaty with Hittites

122
Q

Sea Peoples and 12th century collapse

A

Disruption all over Mediterranean and Near East caused by waves of migrations of refugees
Mycenaean world collapsed, massive emigration
Mycenaeans and others who joined them called “Sea Peoples” in Egyptian records
Attacked Egypt, defeated by Ramses III in 1195 BE
Settled on Cyprus, southern Anatolia, and the Levant (Philistines)
Israelites move into Canaan
Hittite Empire collapses
Troy falls
Egyptian New Kingdom ends
Aramaeans into Mesopotamia
Kassite dynasty ends
Only Assyrians continue

123
Q

Manetho

A

Egyptian priest from a temple in the Delta
Divided Egyptian history into 30 dynasties
First ruler to unite Egypt: Menes

124
Q

Humbaba

A

Guards cedar forrest

125
Q

Siduri

A

bar maid

126
Q

Dumuzi

A

Ishtar’s husband

127
Q

Palette of Narmer

A

Pre-dynastic; Narmer unifying Upper and Lower Egypt

128
Q

Royal Cemetery at Abydos

A

1st Dynasty kings; pit graves; human sacrifice

129
Q

Step Pyramid of Djoser

A

Entirely of stone; enclosure wall; Old Kingdom; monumentalization of tombs; 1st columns; 1st moulding; unification theme; human labor

130
Q

Art of Akhenaten

A

Elongated faced, hips; belly; family depictions; New Kingdom

131
Q

Pyramids

A

Old Kingdom tombs

132
Q

Female Head

A

Cult sculpture of Inanna; marble; Sumerian

133
Q

Uruk Vase

A

Sumerian; horizontal bands of hierarchy

134
Q

Votive Statues

A

Sumerian; given as gifts to deities; depict worshippers; buried

135
Q

Bull-headed lyre

A

wooden; weird scenes, possibly from Gilgamesh; Sumerian

136
Q

Head of an Akkadian ruler

A

made of Bronze, Akkadian, mutilated

137
Q

Victory Stele of Naram-Sin

A

Akkadian; victory against Lullabi, astral signs; Naram-Sin is divine

138
Q

Votive statue of Gudea

A

Neo-Sumerian; imported stone; pious position; dress covered in cuneiform telling his good deeds

139
Q

Stele of Hammurabi

A

Babylonian; law is written on it; god giving Hammurabi the laws

140
Q

Citadel of Sargon II

A

Assyrian; unfinished; heavily guarded; small ziggurat; intimidating art; reliefs of Assyrians winning historical battles; sieges; grappling hooks; scuba diving

141
Q

Lamassu

A

Winged Bull with Human head; Assyrian; guard doors; stone; huge; intricate

142
Q

Assurbanipal hunitng lions

A

Assyrian; hunting lions (controlled and brutal); at Palace at Nineveh

143
Q

Ishtar Gate

A

Neo-Babylonian; main gate into city; bright; glazed brick; supernatural creatures

CNE (19 decks)

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