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CNE > Egypt > Flashcards

Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the Nile?

A

4,000 miles

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2
Q

“Kemet”

A

“the black land”- fertile area

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3
Q

“Desheret”

A

“the red land”-desert

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4
Q

What do they consider kings before dynasty 1

A

Dynasty 0

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5
Q

How many Dynasties were there?

A

31

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6
Q

What is one dynasty?

A

1 family

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7
Q

Manetho

A

Egyptian preist; divided history into dynasties

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8
Q

Kingdom

A

period of great stability; strong central gov; prosperity

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9
Q

intermediate period

A

less stable; decentralized gov; less prosperous

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10
Q

Dates of predynastic egypt

A

5000-3000

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11
Q

When was Dynasty 0?

A

3000

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12
Q

what happened during Dynasty 0?

A

Menes/Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt

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13
Q

What culture over took the other when Egypt united?

A

Upper(south) overtook lower

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14
Q

First capital of Egypt

A

Hierakonopolis

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15
Q

Oldest found temple

A

Temple of Horus

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16
Q

What was the significance of make-up plates?

A

Everyone used them, and elaborate ones were buried with kings

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17
Q

What was the Palette of Narmer?

A

a make-up plate

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18
Q

What was on the Palette of Narmer?

A

Narmer smiting a lower Egyptian, people running away, defeated enemies, Hathor the cow goddess

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19
Q

What were the first royal tombs?

A

pit graves

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20
Q

What did pit graves evolve to?

A

Mastabas

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21
Q

What did mastabas evolve to?

A

Step pyramids

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22
Q

When was early dynastic egypt?

A

3000-2650

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23
Q

When did kings have the most power?

A

Dynasties 1-2

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24
Q

Where was a new capital est. in the early dynasties?

A

Memphis

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25
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

sacred writing

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26
Q

Which developed first, cuneiform or hieroglyphics?

A

cuneiform

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27
Q

What were the two main concerns with burying the dead?

A

To protect them and for their gifts to last forever

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28
Q

Royal Cemetery at Abydos

A

pit graves; Dynasties 1-2; Narmer’s grave;

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29
Q

Djer’s tomb

A

Human sacrifices; misidentified as tomb of Osiris by later Egyptians

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30
Q

When does human sacrifice die out?

A

3rd Dynasty

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31
Q

When was the Old Kingdom?

A

2650-2100

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32
Q

Why were early Kings so powerful?

A

People believed they were fully divine

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33
Q

Important Old Kingdom Kings

A

Djoser, Menes, Khafre, Menkaure

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34
Q

Nome

A

state

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35
Q

nomarch

A

governor

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36
Q

where were OK kings buried?

A

Giza

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37
Q

Why did the Old Kingdom collapse?

A

Ag problems, succession problems

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38
Q

Tomb of Djoser

A

1st step pyramid

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39
Q

Imhotep

A

architect of tomb of Djoser

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40
Q

Where were the first columns found?

A

The tomb of Djoser

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41
Q

Funerary chapel

A

Where priests pray by tombs

42
Q

Ka

A

life force

43
Q

Ba

A

soul

44
Q

Ka statue

A

back up body; stone, no protruding limbs

45
Q

Significance of Tomb of Djoser

A

First royal funerary monument

1st 100% stone

1st columns

1st moulding

Unification of Egypt theme

Implication of Human Labor

46
Q

How did kings get human labor?

A

conscripted workers

47
Q

How were conscripted workers treated?

A

Paid well, buried well, fed well

48
Q

What dynasty were the great pyramids?

A

4

49
Q

How many pyramids?

A

3

50
Q

Whose pyramids?

A

Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure

51
Q

Why did the pyramids get smaller?

A

Less funds and power

52
Q

Pyramid of Khufu

A

biggest, complex, secret chambers

53
Q

What was Khufu’s burial chamber like?

A

simple and ruined

54
Q

Significance of the ships in front of Khufu’s pyramid.

A

take people to afterlife, pull the sun

55
Q

What were smaller pyramids for?

A

Queens

56
Q

Khafre

A

Khufu’s sone, smaller pyramid, many statues of himself

57
Q

Who built the sphinx

A

Khafre

58
Q

Who were the laborers who built the pyramids

A

peasant farmers

59
Q

what percentage of the population built the pyramids

A

1%

60
Q

How many workers built the pyramids?

A

20,000

61
Q

Menkaure

A

Khafre’s son, pyramid;

had statues of him and his queen/goddess as equals

62
Q

What were the statues of scribes like?

A

non-muscular, seated

63
Q

When was the 1st Intermediate Period?

A

2100-2000

64
Q

What dynastied were included in the 1st IP?

A

7-11

65
Q

When was the MIddle Kingdom?

A

2000-1650

66
Q

What dynasties were included in the MK?

A

11-13

67
Q

King Montuhotep

A

Reunified south and returned central gov after the 1st IP

68
Q

Theban sun god

A

Amun

69
Q

What was in Nubia?

A

Gold and animals

70
Q

When was the 2nd IP?

A

1650-1500

71
Q

What dynasties were included in the 2nd IP?

A

13-17

72
Q

How many kings were in the 100ish years of the 2nd IP?

A

70

73
Q

Who takes over Egypt during the 2nd IP?

A

Hyksos

74
Q

What were the benefits of the Hyksos taking over?

A

They brought the horse, wheel, and military equiptment

75
Q

When was the NK?

A

1500-1100

76
Q

What Dynasties were included in the NK?

A

18-20

77
Q

What brings in the era of the NK?

A

Ahmose drives the Kyksos away and conquers Nubia

78
Q

What was the wealthiest Kingdom?

A

New

79
Q

When did the term pharoah start being used?

A

New Kingdom

80
Q

“Pharoah”

A

“great house”

81
Q

Hatshepsut

A

Queen, built many temples, depicts herself as a man in her statues

82
Q

Thutmose III

A

Made the 1st Egyptian empire

83
Q

When Amarna Revolution?

A

1390-1350

84
Q

What was the Amarna revolution?

A

Akhenaten and Nefertiti move the capital to Armana and start the cult of Aten.

85
Q

Akhenaten

A

King, head priest of Aten, outlaws other gods

86
Q

Nefertiti

A

Wife of Akhentanten; priestess

87
Q

henatheistic

A

believe in one diety but don’t deny the existance of others

88
Q

Why did the kings bring the cult of Aten to power?

A

To curb the power of the priests of Amun

89
Q

Tutenkhamen

A

returns capital to Thebes, restores old order, king at age 12

90
Q

Ramesside Period

A

regain empire, army of 100,000

91
Q

Battle of Qadesh (1274)

A

keeps Hittites in check,

stalemate, but Ramses II says he won,

peace treaty

92
Q

Ramses II

A

Ramses the Great, regains empire

93
Q

Who had a huge statue made of himself

A

Ramses II

94
Q

When was the 3rd IP?

A

1100-700

95
Q

What Dynasties were the 3rd IP?

A

21-25

96
Q

What happens during the 3rd IP?

A

Egypt is divided: kings rule south, priests rule north

They are conquered by Nubia

97
Q

When was the Late Period Period?

A

700-332

98
Q

What dynasties were the LPP?

A

25-31

99
Q

Who rules Egypt during the LPP?

A

Kushites/ Nubians & Persians

100
Q

When was the last native Egyptian rule?

A

525, ended by Persians

101
Q

When was the Graco-Roman Period?

A

332-395

CNE (19 decks)

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