Egypt Flashcards
How long is the Nile?
4,000 miles
“Kemet”
“the black land”- fertile area
“Desheret”
“the red land”-desert
What do they consider kings before dynasty 1
Dynasty 0
How many Dynasties were there?
31
What is one dynasty?
1 family
Manetho
Egyptian preist; divided history into dynasties
Kingdom
period of great stability; strong central gov; prosperity
intermediate period
less stable; decentralized gov; less prosperous
Dates of predynastic egypt
5000-3000
When was Dynasty 0?
3000
what happened during Dynasty 0?
Menes/Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt
What culture over took the other when Egypt united?
Upper(south) overtook lower
First capital of Egypt
Hierakonopolis
Oldest found temple
Temple of Horus
What was the significance of make-up plates?
Everyone used them, and elaborate ones were buried with kings
What was the Palette of Narmer?
a make-up plate
What was on the Palette of Narmer?
Narmer smiting a lower Egyptian, people running away, defeated enemies, Hathor the cow goddess
What were the first royal tombs?
pit graves
What did pit graves evolve to?
Mastabas
What did mastabas evolve to?
Step pyramids
When was early dynastic egypt?
3000-2650
When did kings have the most power?
Dynasties 1-2
Where was a new capital est. in the early dynasties?
Memphis
Hieroglyphics
sacred writing
Which developed first, cuneiform or hieroglyphics?
cuneiform
What were the two main concerns with burying the dead?
To protect them and for their gifts to last forever
Royal Cemetery at Abydos
pit graves; Dynasties 1-2; Narmer’s grave;
Djer’s tomb
Human sacrifices; misidentified as tomb of Osiris by later Egyptians
When does human sacrifice die out?
3rd Dynasty
When was the Old Kingdom?
2650-2100
Why were early Kings so powerful?
People believed they were fully divine
Important Old Kingdom Kings
Djoser, Menes, Khafre, Menkaure
Nome
state
nomarch
governor
where were OK kings buried?
Giza
Why did the Old Kingdom collapse?
Ag problems, succession problems
Tomb of Djoser
1st step pyramid
Imhotep
architect of tomb of Djoser
Where were the first columns found?
The tomb of Djoser
Funerary chapel
Where priests pray by tombs
Ka
life force
Ba
soul
Ka statue
back up body; stone, no protruding limbs
Significance of Tomb of Djoser
First royal funerary monument
1st 100% stone
1st columns
1st moulding
Unification of Egypt theme
Implication of Human Labor
How did kings get human labor?
conscripted workers
How were conscripted workers treated?
Paid well, buried well, fed well
What dynasty were the great pyramids?
4
How many pyramids?
3
Whose pyramids?
Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure
Why did the pyramids get smaller?
Less funds and power
Pyramid of Khufu
biggest, complex, secret chambers
What was Khufu’s burial chamber like?
simple and ruined
Significance of the ships in front of Khufu’s pyramid.
take people to afterlife, pull the sun
What were smaller pyramids for?
Queens
Khafre
Khufu’s sone, smaller pyramid, many statues of himself
Who built the sphinx
Khafre
Who were the laborers who built the pyramids
peasant farmers
what percentage of the population built the pyramids
1%
How many workers built the pyramids?
20,000
Menkaure
Khafre’s son, pyramid;
had statues of him and his queen/goddess as equals
What were the statues of scribes like?
non-muscular, seated
When was the 1st Intermediate Period?
2100-2000
What dynastied were included in the 1st IP?
7-11
When was the MIddle Kingdom?
2000-1650
What dynasties were included in the MK?
11-13
King Montuhotep
Reunified south and returned central gov after the 1st IP
Theban sun god
Amun
What was in Nubia?
Gold and animals
When was the 2nd IP?
1650-1500
What dynasties were included in the 2nd IP?
13-17
How many kings were in the 100ish years of the 2nd IP?
70
Who takes over Egypt during the 2nd IP?
Hyksos
What were the benefits of the Hyksos taking over?
They brought the horse, wheel, and military equiptment
When was the NK?
1500-1100
What Dynasties were included in the NK?
18-20
What brings in the era of the NK?
Ahmose drives the Kyksos away and conquers Nubia
What was the wealthiest Kingdom?
New
When did the term pharoah start being used?
New Kingdom
“Pharoah”
“great house”
Hatshepsut
Queen, built many temples, depicts herself as a man in her statues
Thutmose III
Made the 1st Egyptian empire
When Amarna Revolution?
1390-1350
What was the Amarna revolution?
Akhenaten and Nefertiti move the capital to Armana and start the cult of Aten.
Akhenaten
King, head priest of Aten, outlaws other gods
Nefertiti
Wife of Akhentanten; priestess
henatheistic
believe in one diety but don’t deny the existance of others
Why did the kings bring the cult of Aten to power?
To curb the power of the priests of Amun
Tutenkhamen
returns capital to Thebes, restores old order, king at age 12
Ramesside Period
regain empire, army of 100,000
Battle of Qadesh (1274)
keeps Hittites in check,
stalemate, but Ramses II says he won,
peace treaty
Ramses II
Ramses the Great, regains empire
Who had a huge statue made of himself
Ramses II
When was the 3rd IP?
1100-700
What Dynasties were the 3rd IP?
21-25
What happens during the 3rd IP?
Egypt is divided: kings rule south, priests rule north
They are conquered by Nubia
When was the Late Period Period?
700-332
What dynasties were the LPP?
25-31
Who rules Egypt during the LPP?
Kushites/ Nubians & Persians
When was the last native Egyptian rule?
525, ended by Persians
When was the Graco-Roman Period?
332-395
