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Brendan 1 > Romans 1 > Flashcards

Romans 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the Trojan prince, who was the Julians traced their heritage to?

A

Aeneas

Son of the goddess Aphrodite/Venus and Anchises. Aeneas was a member of the royal line at Troy and cousin of Hector.

In Virgil’s Aeneid, where he is cast as an ancestor of Romulus and Remus

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2
Q

What was the posh hill of Rome?

A

Palantine

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3
Q

What was the poor people’s hill?

A

Avantine

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4
Q

4 city administrators =

A

Aediles

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5
Q

Road into Rome where Crassus crucified so many

A

Appian way

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6
Q

Ancient prophetess who sold books to Tarquin the proud

A

The Sibyl

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7
Q

First province

A

Sicily

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8
Q

Corrupt man who robbed Siciliy and who Cicero prosecuted

A

Verres

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9
Q

River of Rome

A

Tiber

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10
Q

Chief magistrate - 2 people held it at the same time

A

Consul

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11
Q

Voice of the plebs

A

Tribune

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12
Q

Wars with Carthage =

A

Punic wars

The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was fought over control of the island of Sicily, and many of the crucial clashes were naval battles. Rome demonstrated its adaptability in building its first large war fleet, and its almost limitless manpower in building several replacements after repeated catastrophic disasters. Victory gave Rome her initial overseas possession in Sicily.

The Second Punic War (218–201 BC) saw the famous invasion of Italy by Carthaginian general Hannibal. Although Roman resilience and resources were stretched to near breaking point by a string of defeats, Rome ultimately emerged victorious, and the war marked the end of Carthage as a regional power.

3rd = 149 BC – 146 BC

3rd punic war was a trick. Romans fooled Carthage into fighting again because they were jealous of their quick recovery. So says I, Claudius. Resulted in the final destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population

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13
Q

Biggest military disaster, against Hannibal

A

Cannae

216 BC

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14
Q

What did the Sibyl tell Romans to do after defeat at Cannae

A

Burn alive in the market 2 gauls and 2 greeks

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15
Q

Remus saw __ x ___,

Romulas saw ___

A

Remus saw 6 vultures,

Romulus saw 12

Remus said the fact the birds hadn’t landed first on his hill was significant and Romulus said the fact that more birds had landed on his hill was significant.

They came to blows and Romulus killed his brother.

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16
Q

Latin name for the plebian strike

A

Secessio plebis

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17
Q

SPQR

A

Senatus Populusque Romanus (“The Roman Senate and People”)

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18
Q

Cicero’s secretary

A

Tiro

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19
Q

Cicero’s wife

A

Terentia

20
Q

Caesar’s mistress

A

Servilia

21
Q

Rome’s prison

A

Carcer

22
Q

State executioner

A

carnifex

23
Q

Where the voting took place

A

Field of Mars

24
Q

Platform in the forum where the people were addressed from

A

Rostra

25
Q

2nd most senior magistrate, oversaw various courts - 8 elected each year

A

Praetor

26
Q

The backless chair sat on by magistrates

A

Curule chair

27
Q

Middle-class order / order of knights

A

Equestrian order

28
Q

Junior magistrate, 20 a year

A

Quaestor

29
Q

Cocytus

A

River of lamentation / wailing

(one of the 5 rivers of Hades)

Dante describes Cocytus as being the home of traitors and those who committed acts of complex fraud. Depending on the form of their treachery, inhabitants are buried in ice to a varying degree, anywhere from neck-high to completely submerged in ice.

Dante’s Satan is at the centre of the circle buried waist-high in ice. He is depicted with three faces and mouths. The central mouth gnaws Judas. Judas is chewed head foremost with his feet protruding and Satan’s claws tearing his back while those gnawed in the side mouths, Brutus and Cassius, leading assassins of Julius Caesar, are both chewed feet foremost with their heads protruding. Under each chin Satan flaps a pair of wings, which only serve to increase the cold winds in Cocytus and further imprison him and other traitors. Dante and his guide Virgil proceed then to climb down Satan’s back and then upwards towards Purgatory

Ko-ki-tus

For the souls that Charon refused to ferry over because they had not received a proper burial, the river bank of Cocytus would be their wandering grounds

30
Q

Phlegethon

A

River of fire (one of the 5 rivers of Hades)

31
Q

Cato the Younger

A

joined with Pompey to oppose Julius Caesar and when that failed took his own life

32
Q

Cassius

A

Killed Julius Caesar

He commanded troops with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi against the combined forces of Mark Antony and Octavian, Caesar’s former supporters, and committed suicide after being defeated by Mark Antony

33
Q

Siege of Carthage

A

149 BC

The Siege of Carthage was the main engagement of the Third Punic War fought between Carthage and Rome.

34
Q

Emperor reigned 41 – 54 AD

A

Claudius

Conquered Britain

Claudius had simply awful taste in women. Although he adored his wife, Messalina, she was extravagant and promiscuous, with a particular weakness for the servants.

Claudius tried to turn a blind eye to her many affairs, but in 48 AD Messalina took a new lover, Gaius Silius, a nobleman. Their relationship was widely thought to be cover for a plot and Claudius was urged to take action: “Act fast or her new man controls Rome!”

Silius was killed and Messalina fled to a friend’s villa to decide how to get herself out of trouble. It was too late. The emperor was hosting a dinner party when he heard that his wife had died. Without asking how, he called for more wine.

The next year, Claudius decided to marry again, surprising Rome by choosing his own niece, Agrippina.

This was a bad mistake. Determined to make the most of her luck and happy to use any means necessary, Agrippina was about the only woman who could make Messalina seem a good catch.

Agrippina began her quest for power by persuading Claudius to bring back Seneca from exile so that he could become tutor to her own son, Nero, the boy she planned to make an emperor.

Gradually Agrippina removed all her rivals and convinced Claudius to disinherit his own son, Britannicus. With Nero now heir, the only remaining obstacle was Claudius himself. Agrippina took drastic action: as Tacitus reports, her weapon of choice was poisoned mushrooms, delivered by a faithful servant.

Claudius appeared on the brink of death, but began to recover. Horrified, Agrippina signed up the emperor’s own doctor to her cause. While pretending to help Claudius vomit his food, the doctor put a feather dipped in poison down his throat.

35
Q

Area of south west region home to Naples & Pompeii,

A

Campania

36
Q

Caesar assassinated

A

44 BC

37
Q

Brutus killed Julius Caesar, many believed him to be his natural son.

A

Brutus

(This was the second Brutus. The first was famous for dispatching Tarquin the Proud, the Roman king that gave kings a bad name.)

38
Q

wife who seduces and controls Augustus

A

Livia

39
Q

Great friend of Augustus, respects him, expects to be made heir.

A

Agrippa

His rival is the young Marcellus

Agrippa was responsible for the construction of some of the most notable buildings in history, including the original Pantheon

Well-known for his important military victories, notably the Battle of Actium in 31 BC against the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra

40
Q

Bad guy;

The second Roman emperor, reigning from AD 14 to 37;

A

Tiberius

Very strong and slow; he came to be remembered as a dark, reclusive and somber ruler who never really desired to be emperor; Pliny the Elder called him “the gloomiest of men”. Claudius’ uncle. Didn’t want the lime-light. Married to Julia, Augustus’ daughter though he didn’t want to sleep with her so she had affairs with other men.

41
Q

In 41 AD ___ assassinated

A

Caligula

42
Q

In 31 BC the Battle of Actium, Octavian vs Cleopatra & ____

A

Mark Anthony

43
Q

Battle of Cannae

A

216 BC

The Carthaginians and their allies, led by Hannibal, surrounded and practically annihilated a larger Roman force.

44
Q

Creation of the Roman Republic

A

509 BCE

when the seventh and last king of Rome, the tyrannical Tarquinius Superbus, was thought to have been ousted by an aristocratic coup.

45
Q

Foundation of Rome

A

753 BC

The story was that the twins Romulus and Remus, sons of the god Mars, were left to die by being put in a basket, set adrift on the river Tiber. The makeshift vessel eventually came ashore at the future site of Rome. Here, the babies were suckled by a she-wolf, then raised by a shepherd. When the twins reached adulthood, Romulus founded a city on the Palatine Hill. When Remus jumped over the furrow that marked where the walls would be built, Romulus killed him.

46
Q

Fall of Rome

A

410 AD

In AD 410 the Goths sacked the city of Rome. Sixty-six years later Romulus Augustulus (the ‘Little Emperor’) was deposed, and the Roman empire in the west was at an end.

47
Q

Battle of Carrhae - huge defeat

A

53 BC

The Battle of Carrhae was fought in 53 BC between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire near the ancient town of Carrhae (present-day Harran, Turkey). An invading force of seven legions of Roman heavy infantry under Marcus Licinius Crassus was lured into the desert and decisively defeated by a mixed cavalry army of heavy cataphracts and light horse archers led by the Parthian general Surena. On such flat terrain, the Legion proved to have no viable tactics against the highly-mobile Parthian horsemen, and the slow and vulnerable Roman formations were surrounded, exhausted by constant attacks, and eventually crushed. Crassus was killed along with the majority of his army. It is commonly seen as one of the earliest and most important battles between the Roman and Parthian Empires and one of the most crushing defeats in Roman history

Brendan 1 (14 decks)

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