Ancient Greece Flashcards

Question

Pythia

Answer 1

"Priestess" Oracle of Delphi Often went into an ecstatic state during which she uttered sounds revealed to her by the python (the snake, the symbol of resurrection), after drinking water from a certain spring.

Answer 2

Darius the Great, then Xerxes

Answer 3

Sculptor. His statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the seven wonders of the world.

Answer 4

Traditional king of Sparta. Archidamus II was a king of Sparta who negotiated the Thirty Years’ Peace between Athens and Sparta, bringing an end to the First Peloponnesian War. In Assassin’s Creed Odyssey, Archidamus’s traditionalist views are partially responsible for Deimos being thrown from Mount Taygetos at the beginning of the game. Later on, his co-ruler tries to frame him as a member of the Cult of Kosmos, but the misthios helps prove Archidamus’s innocence.

Answer 5

Poor king of Sparta He was deposed and condemned to death, though he escaped and lived in exile in for the rest of his life.

Answer 6

Ancient Greek sculptor History mostly knows Polykleitos as the sculptor who authored the Canon of Polykleitos, a lost treatise setting out his mathematical basis for the idealized male body shape, but none of his original work survives.

Answer 7

Ancient Greek lyric poet

Answer 8

Playwright, called "the bee" with his honeyed words The most famous tragedies of Sophocles feature Oedipus and Antigone. First to add a third actor says Aristotle, reducing the importance of the chorus in the presentation of the plot. Won more competitions than Euripides or Aeschylus. ANTIGONE Antigone’s uncle declares that her traitorous dead brother may not be buried with the proper rites. Antigone is torn between her duty to obey her uncle, and her desire to honour her dead brother. (Utilitarianism is…not really designed for this sort of moral dilemma.) Seven plays have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, Women of Trachis, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus.

Answer 9

Wife of Socrates Plato and Xenophon portray Xanthippe as a devoted wife and mother who nonetheless has an argumentative spirit

Answer 10

Island with big sanctuaries devoted to Hera

Answer 11

Has tomb of Orpheus Birthplace of Sappho

Answer 12

Eurydice She died when she was bitten by a snake. He descends to Hades to rescue her. He's told he can take her from Hades as long as he doesn't look back but he does. Had a lyre which charmed everyone.

Answer 13

Island with the richest Greeks. Chios was the primary source of mastic, a fragrant resin extracted from the mastic tree and used as a varnish and a flavoring.

Answer 14

Famous for being home of Hippocrates

Answer 15

God of medicine. Daughters included hygiene and panacea. The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined staff, remains a symbol of medicine today.

Answer 16

Father of Icarus, imprisoned by King of Crete. Created the labyrinthe

Answer 17

Krete Gortyn was one of Krete’s most affluent cities. Gortyn’s law code was the oldest of the Occidental world.

Answer 18

Twin sister of Apollo

Answer 19

The petrified bodies of giants killed by Heracles. The city was famous for its blue granite and abundant wells.

Answer 20

Home of Athenian treasury. Thus Delian league. Birthplace of Apollo & Artemis. Their mother was Leta. Delos was only place to accept her after jealous Hera forbade anyone else from receiving her.

Answer 21

Island where Achilles was disguised as a girl by his mother so he wouldn't go off to the Trojan war. Also where Theseus died. When Theseus returned to Athens, other factions had seized power. He decided to leave the city and return to Skyros, but he was betrayed by King Lykomedes, who tossed him off a cliff.

Answer 22

Island the soil of which was meant to cure snakebites

Answer 23

Big island near Athens. Reminds me of Long Island vs New York. Famous for its copper mines.

Answer 24

purple dye

Answer 25

island known for murex. When Aphrodite emerged from the sea, Kythera was the first city to welcome her. Fleeing Troy, her son Aineias dedicated a shrine to her there. It is deemed the oldest in the Greek world.

Answer 26

Goddess of justice, law, and fairness On the slopes of the Akropolis was the temple of Themis, goddess of justice, law, and fairness. She succeeded her mother, Gaia, as the possessor of the Oracle of Delphi, later giving it to Apollo.

Answer 27

Most significant site of worship at the Akropolis. Known for its caryatids, this asymmetrical temple was dedicated to Poseidon, Athena, and two legendary kings, Erechtheus and Kekrops.

Answer 28

port of athens

Answer 29

Home of Sparta

Answer 30

Spartan slaves

Answer 31

Sparta’s male education system, the agoge, had a mainly military aim. It was the longest educational system in the Greek world, with males age 7-29. Only heirs of royal families didn't participate.

Answer 32

The hide of this invincible creature could not be burned or pierced by any weapon

Answer 33

Famous for its sculptors

Answer 34

King of Mycenae Commander of United Greek armies in the Trojan War He brought home the prophetess Cassandra from the Trojan war. (He'd also killed Clytemnestra's first husband and their daughter) According to Aescychlus in his Oresteia (a trilogy, dated 458 BC) Clytemnestra waited until he was in the bath, and then entangled him in a cloth net and stabbed him. In the 2nd play, Agemnon's son Orestes gets revenge. In the 3rd play, the dilemma is should Orestes be punished? Furies (born from blood of castration of Uranus) say yes. He broke rule against killing own blood, his mother. Apollo says no, because mother killed husband. Furies say marriage is just a custom, blood is stronger bond. A jury (Athenian innovation) is used to resolve dilemma and he is vindicated. Agemenon's brother was Menelaus, the husband of Helen of Troy (sister to Clytemnestra)

Answer 35

Anaximander thought the earth was a cylinder

Answer 36

Empedocles (everything is wind, fire, water and earth) thought he was immortal and threw himself into Mt Etna

Answer 37

One of the founders of Cynic philosophy. Slept in a barrel.

Answer 38

Tiresias He was turned into a woman for 7 years because he hit some fornicating snakes with a stick which pissed Hera off. Hera and Zeus were having an argument about whether men or women enjoy sex more and asked him. Tiresias said women, and Hera struck him blind in anger. Zeus gave him the power of prophecy in compensation.

Answer 39

Staff of Asclepius

Answer 40

The Caduceus. They should use Rod of Asclepius The Caduceus is the symbol of Hermes

Answer 41

Mount Taygetus

Answer 42

Laurion silver mines

Answer 43

Beheaded the Gorgon Medusa (For Polydectes) He also saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. She was the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of ancient Ethiopia

Answer 44

Island famous for Thucydides Melian dialogue

Answer 45

Another place in ancient Greece where inhabitants were known for their stupidity

Answer 46

Famous friendship with Patroclus. Patroclus borrowed his armour and was killed by Trojan hero Hector.

Answer 47

"The river of woe" Similar to the river Styx - hard to get to bottom of how they're different. One of the five rivers of the Greek underworld. Acheron, Cocytus, Lethe, Phlegethon, and Styx all converge at the centre of the underworld on a great marsh, which sometimes is also called the Styx The Roman poet Virgil called it the principal river of Tartarus, from which the Styx and Cocytus both sprang. The newly dead would be ferried across the Acheron by Charon in order to enter the Underworld.

Answer 48

the quasi-legendary lawgiver of Sparta who established the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society in accordance with the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. All his reforms promoted the three Spartan virtues: equality, military fitness, and austerity

Answer 49

Solon was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term, yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy

Answer 50

He was the father of Helios (Sun), Selene (Moon) and Eos (Dawn). He was said to be breathtakingly beautiful. Hyperion’s name comes from the Greek for “the one who watches from above.” He is said to be the first to understand the cycles of the sun, the stars, the moon and the dawn or to even have ordered them in the first place.

Answer 51

Missing the mark, tragic flaw, frailty

Answer 52

Mother of King Minos Seduced by Zeus when he was in form of a bull

Answer 53

Plato His name means 'broad' (because he was muscly)

Answer 54

Traitor unsealed the city gates of Troy to the Greeks. As payment, his house—marked by a panther skin over the door—was spared during the sack of the city. In Dante's inferno;

Answer 55

a type of light infantryman originating in Thrace and Paeonia, and named after the kind of shield he carried.

Answer 56

Thermistocles

Answer 57

Sardis Part of Ionian Revolt He had a slave remind him every day. Was defeated at Battle of Marathon. His son tried again but was defeated at Salamis.

Answer 58

Thetis sea-nympth who was mother of Achilles. She dipped him in the river Styx The Fates offered Achilles a choice between a long life of ease and obscurity or a young death and fame and glory. He chose the latter. Achilles was angry with Agamemnon as he took his war-prize the concubine Briseis. Achilles retired to his tent sulking. Agamemnon wanted Briseis because he'd had to give up his captive Trojan girl to appease the God Apollo. Both Ajax and Odysseus vied for the armour of the dead Achilles. When Agamemnon awarded the armour to Osysseus, Ajax went mad with rage, slaughtered a flock of sheep, and then committed suicide in shame.

Answer 59

Warrior who wanted Achilles' armour Ajax feels he should be given Achilles’ armor, but the two kings, Agamemnon and Menelaus, award it instead to Odysseus. Ajax becomes furious about this and decides to kill himself. In one version of the story Athena (helping Odysseus) fools him into killing the Greek's cattle and this for some reason shames him into committing suicide Strongest of all the Achaeans The historian Thucydides traced his descent from Ajax

Answer 60

Greatest Trojan warrior

Answer 61

An enchantress who helped Jason, leader of the Argonauts, to obtain the Golden Fleece from her father The father was King Aeëtes of Colchis Euripides' 5th century BC tragedy Medea, arguably the best known adaptation of the Medea myth, depicts the ending of said union with Jason, when after ten years of marriage, Jason abandons her to wed king Creon's daughter Creusa while Medea and her sons by Jason are to be banished from Corinth. In revenge, she murders Creusa and the king with poisoned gifts, and later murders her own sons by Jason before fleeing for Athens,[2] where she eventually marries king Aegeus.

Answer 62

Pythagoras "Shouldn’t Pythagoras have published his theorem in a peer-reviewed journal, instead of moving to Italy, starting a cult, and exposing his thigh at the Olympic Games as part of a scheme to convince people he was the god Apollo"

Answer 63

Lethe Upon entering the Underworld, the dead would have to drink the waters of Lethe to forget their earthly existence Also the goddess of olivion

Answer 64

Tartarus ## Footnote Originally used for the deepest region of the world, the lower of the two parts of the underworld, where the gods locked up the Titans Gradually came to mean the entire underworld. The Greek poet Hesiod would even state that it would take a bronze anvil nine days to fall from the earth until it reached Tartarus. also the name of a primordial god - emerged from Chaos, along with Gaia (Earth), Erebus (Darkness) and Eros (Procreation) came into existence

Answer 65

kylix - wine-drinking cup

Answer 66

Poseidon Minos was king in Crete. In order to confirm his right to rule, rather than any of his brothers, he prayed Poseidon send him a snow-white bull as a sign. Poseidon sent Minos the bull, with the understanding that bull would be sacrificed to the god. Deciding that Poseidon's bull was too fine of a specimen to kill, Minos sent the bull to his herds and substituted another, inferior bull for sacrifice. Enraged, Poseidon had Aphrodite cause Pasiphaë, wife of Minos, to fall in love with the bull. She subsequently gave birth to the half-man, half-bull, Minotaur. Poseidon passed on his rage to the bull, causing him lay waste to the land. After consulting the oracle at Delphi, Minos had Daedalus construct the Labyrinth to hold the Minotaur.